The Neurocognitive Disorders Flashcards
Characterized as a temporary condition that often follows a short and fluctuating course. People affected with ____ cannot think or reason clearly and consequently lose contact with the world around them
Delirium
Represent a deficit in the person’s cognitive functioning and they, too, are acquired rather than developmental
Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs)
When symptoms tend to worsen during early evening hours or at night
Sundowning
The inability to focus, sustain, or shift attention
Clouding of consciousness
Often causes degeneration across many areas of the brain, producing a mosaic of cognitive problems
Alzheimer’s disease
The reduction or impairment of intellect, emotion, and behavioral functioning severe enough to be detrimental in social, occupational, and other important areas in life
NCD due to Alzheimer’s disease
Sometimes referred to as multi-infarct dementia, vascular disease defines a decline in thinking skills caused by conditions that block or reduce blood flow to the brain depriving brain cells of vital oxygen and nutrients
Vascular neurocognitive disorder
When blood flow to part of the brain is blocked or reduced, frequently referred to as a mini-stroke
Transient ischemic episodes
A type of stroke resulting from blockage in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain
Cerebral infarct
Commonly diagnosed in adults under the age of 65 and is the fourth most common neurocognitive disorder in industrialized nations. Symptoms typically appear about a decade earlier than Alzheimer’s disease, making age of onset a diagnostic feature
Frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder (FTD)
The individual with ____ experiences an insidious onset and gradual progression resulting in unrelenting dementia until death. Lewy bodies is considered when the person meets criteria for a NCD as well as a combination of core diagnostic features and suggestive features.
Neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies
Tranquilizers used to treat psychotic conditions
Neuroleptics
Also known as fainting
Syncope
Characterized by impact to the head (or other means of rapid movement) or displacement of the brain within the skull. It is among the earliest illnesses in human history and is currently a major source of morbidity and mortality
Neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury
Previously substance-induced persisting dementia, is characterized by neurocognitive impairments that persist beyond the usual duration of intoxication and acute withdrawal
Substance/medication-induced neurocognitive disorder
A chronic memory disorder caused by severe deficiency of thiamine or vitamin B1
Korsakoff syndrome
An acute brain reaction to severe lack of thiamine
Wernicke encephalopathy
To make up information you cannot remember
Confabulate
Shows a more marked acquired impairment in cognitive functioning in people with HIV/AIDS (or acquired immune deficiency, the advanced for of HIV infection)
Neurocognitive disorder due to HIV infection
Also called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) and is essentially a family of rare progressive neurodegenerative disorders that can affect both humans and animals
Prion disease
Refer to abnormal, pathogenic agents that are transmissible and are able to induce abnormal folding of specific normal cellular proteins called ___ proteins that are found most abundantly in the brain
Prions
A rare illness marked by rapid mental deterioration, usually within a few months, and is always fatal leading to death usually within 1 year of onset. Initial signs and symptoms typically include: personality changes, anxiety, depression, memory loss, impaired thinking, blurred vision, insomnia, difficulty speaking, difficulty swallowing, and sudden jerky movements
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
A neurological condition characterized by a distortion of the sense of touch, which causes all touch to feel unpleasant
Dyesthesiasis
A slow and progressive neurological condition characterized by tremors, rigidity, involuntary and rhythmic movements of extremities, motor restlessness, and posturing instability. Symptoms typically begin to appear between 50 and 60 years of age with the mean onset of 60 years
Neurocognitive disorder due to Parkinson’s disease (PD)
Inherited through a single dominant gene. It is a progressive and degenerative disease that includes difficulties in cognition, emotion, and movement. Symptoms generally begin between 30 and50 years of age, and death usually occurs within 10 to 20 years of its onset
Neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington’s disease
