Bipolar and Related Disorders

Question 1

A less severe form of mania

Answer 1

Hypomania

Question 2

The tendency for an individual to experience manic episodes alternating with major depressive episodes

Answer 2

Bipolar disorder

Question 3

Moving emotionally from the peaks of elation to the depths of despair

Answer 3

Lability

Question 4

A distinct period during which the predominant mood is either elevated, expansive, or irritable, and increased activity or energy with several associated symptoms such as inflated self-esteem, a decreased need for sleep, pressured speech, racing thoughts, distractibility, hyperactivity or agitation, and excessive involvement in potentially dangerous activity

Answer 4

Mania

Question 5

Many of the features found in mania may be present, but overall the mood disturbances is less severe

Answer 5

Hypomanic episode

Question 6

A “normal” interval during which an individual with Bipolar disorder returns to their usual state of psychosocial functioning

Answer 6

Euthymic

Question 7

Refers to severe manic episodes accompanied by one or more periods of major depressive episodes (which can have psychotic features)

Answer 7

Bipolar 1

Question 8

Refers to the same pattern of symptoms, but with a major distinction in the degree of severity; typically, this disorder does not lead to psychotic behavior or require hospitalization

Answer 8

Bipolar 2

Question 9

Intended to identify individuals who have symptoms of anxiety that are not part of the bipolar criteria

Answer 9

Anxious distress

Question 10

Replaces the earlier DSM bipolar I diagnosis of “mixed episode.” This specifier now applies to both bipolar disorders applied when symptoms of the opposite pole are present (i.e., symptoms of depression in mania/hypomania or, alternatively, the person shows symptoms of mania/hypomania in a depressive episode)

Answer 10

Mixed features

Question 11

This specifier is indicated when the individual experiences at least four mood episodes (in any combination) within a 1-year period

Answer 11

Rapid cycling

Question 12

This specifier applies to bipolar 1 disorder. This specifier is reserved for a depressed mood that is considered qualitatively different from depressive episodes and for which psychomotor changes are nearly always present

Answer 12

Melancholic features

Question 13

Applicable only to bipolar 1 disorder, this specifier applied when the person’s mood brightens during the most recent major depressive episode and two (or more) of the following are seen: weight gain or an increase in appetite, hypersomnia,a heavy leaden feeling in the arms or legs (leaden paralysis), and sensitivity to rejection to the extent that it results in significant social or occupational impairment

Answer 13

Atypical features

Question 14

A person may experience delusions or hallucinations at any point in a bipolar episode, but if psychotic features are present they may be mood-congruent psychotic features or mood-incongruent psychotic features

Answer 14

Psychotic features

Question 15

This specifier applies when the person shows catatonic behaviors during most of the episode of mania or depression

Answer 15

Catatonia

Question 16

This specifier is considered when the current or most recent episode of mania, hypomania, or major depression occurs during pregnancy or the 4 weeks following delivery

Answer 16

Peripartum onset

Question 17

This specifier involves a regular seasonal pattern (within a 2-year period) for those who tend to experience at least one type of mood episode (i.e., mania, hypomania, or depression) during a particular time of year (e.g., late fall or early winter)

Answer 17

Seasonal pattern

Question 18

Refers to a chronic or cyclic mood disturbance that has many of the same features found in major depressive episodes

Answer 18

Cyclothymic disorder