Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Flashcards
Five or more drinks on the same occasion
Binge drinking
Binge drinking on at least 5 separate days in the past month
Heavy alcohol use
A non-substance-related disorder and a new diagnosis to the DSM-5 addressing the problematic gambling behaviors
Gambling disorder
A cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physical symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related problems
Substance use disorder
A drug that is capable of producing a response similar to the original drug
Agonist medication
Categorized in the DSM according to the manifested effects of the substance on the individual
Substance-induced disorders
Refers to the occurrence of a reversible substance-specific syndrome due to recent ingestion or exposure to a substance
Substance intoxication
Behavior involving both physical and psychological components
Psychomotor behavior
Shown as a problematic substance-specific behavior change with both physiological and cognitive elements that are due to stopping or attempting to cut down heavy and prolonged substance use
Substance withdrawal
A substance disorder that can cause symptoms that are characteristic of other disorders
Substance/medication-induced disorders
Commonly referred to as flashbacks
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder
A chemical agent that diminishes the function or activity of a specific part of the body
Depressant
The neurotransmitter that produces feelings of excitability
Glutamate
A cluster of behavioral and physical symptoms, which can include withdrawal, tolerance and craving
Alcohol use disorder
The general rule of thumb is that an average person can process about one beer or one shot of liquor each hour. Any more than than and alcohol collects in the bloodstream and ____ ensues
Alcohol intoxication
Rapid involuntary movements of the eyes in a side-to-side or occasionally up-and-down direction or “eye wiggles”
Nystagmus
Various tests to determine the type and approximate amount of legal and illegal drugs a person has taken, using a blood or urine sample
Toxicology screen
A chronic memory disorder that is a degenerative disease of the brain. The syndrome is characterized by abnormal eye movements, difficulties with muscle coordination, and confusion
Korsakoff psychosis
First described in 1881 and is now known to be caused by thiamine deficiency resulting from malnutrition usually brought on by chronic alcohol use. It is a medical emergency that causes life-threatening brain disruption, confusion, staggering and stumbling, a lack of coordination, and abnormal involuntary eye movements
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
The recent daily consumption of caffeine of at least more than 250 milligrams, which, typically, is the equivalent of two-and-a-half cups of brewed coffee
Caffeine intoxication
Believed to alter mood and behavior, the most potent of which is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Cannabinoids
Intense feelings of joy or elation
Euphoria
Also known as bloodshot eyes
Conjunctival injection
Impairment in control of voluntary muscle coordination
Ataxia
Also known as slurred speech
Dysarthria
Also known as sensitivity to sound
Hyperacusis
Intersensory, intersensual associations- e.g., “Can’t you just hear the changing colors on the tree?”
Synesthesias
Also known as rapid heartbeat
Tachycardia
Where objects look larger than they actually are
Macropsia
Like the rearview mirror in your car where objects look smaller than they are in reality
Micropsia
Generally considered as natural effects of REM sleep where an individual perceives visual or aural or auditory illusions upon waking; as a result, images and sounds can be carried over into a person’s conscious perception
Hypnopomic hallucinations
A chemically diverse group of psychoactive substances found in volatile solvents that can be breathed directly into the lungs
Inhalants
Also known as double vision
Diplopia
An abnormally excessive and uncontrollable sexual desire in women
Nymphomania
Also known as decreased pupil eye size
Miosis
Shedding more tears than normal
Lacrimation
Runny eyes or nose
Rhinorrhea
Also known as goosebumps
Piloerection
Drugs with a currently accepted medical use and must be prescribed by a physician, physician assistant, or nurse practitioner
Schedule IV drugs
A procedure for inserting a tube into the mouth or nose and then advanced into the airway when a person is not breathing
Intubation
A spectrum of side effects that can be worse than the original condition
Iatrogenic syndrome
Currently accepted for medical use that is severely restricted; but also has a high potential for abuse
Schedule II controlled drugs
When one sleeps for an excessively long time
Hypersomnia
Impaired ability to control movement
Dyskinesias
Also known as muscle spasms
Dystonias
Overactive reflexes such as tremors
Hyperreflexia
Also known as rapid breathing
Tachypnea
Inflammation of the gums
Gingivitis
Also known as tooth rot
Dental caries
A poisonous oily liquid that comes from the Nightshade family (Solanaceae) of plants called Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotine
