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Body Logistics > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the CNS consist of?

A

Spinal cord and brain

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2
Q

What does the PNS consist of?

A

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

What can the autonomic nervous system be split into?

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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4
Q

What sort of actions is the somatic nervous system involved in?

A

Conscious/voluntary actions

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5
Q

What sort of actions is the autonomic nervous system involved in?

A

Involuntary actions

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6
Q

Which part of the nervous system conveys sensory information to the CNS and motor output to the effectors?

A

The PNS

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7
Q

What is a collection of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS called?

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

Where is the cerebellum located? What is function of the cerebellum?

A

At the back and bottom of the brain

For motor control

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9
Q

What are nerves running along the length of the CNS (spinal cord) called?

A

Tracts

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10
Q

How do nerves emerge from the CNS?

A

Around 30 pairs of nerves emerge from the the CNS, 1 on each side of the spinal cord

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11
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

A collection of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS

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12
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

The layer of grey matter forming the superficial layer of the brain

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13
Q

What is the structure of the brain with regards to grey and white matter?

A

Grey matter in the middle of each hemisphere of the brain
White matter on the outside of that
A further thin layer of grey matter outside of that

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14
Q

What does grey matter consist of?

A

Neuronal cell bodies

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15
Q

What does white matter consist of?

A

Nerve fibre axons

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16
Q

What is the purpose of white and grey matter? Where does the majority of information processing happen?

A

To send information along the CNS

Majority in the grey matter

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17
Q

What is the structure of the spinal cord with reference to grey and white matter?

A

Grey forms a ‘butterfly’ structure in the centre of the spinal cord around a central canal
White matter on the outside of this

18
Q

What are the two aspects of the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal and ventral aspects

19
Q

Which root of the spinal cord do sensory neurones run in?

A

The dorsal root

20
Q

Where are cell bodies of sensory neurones found?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

21
Q

What do the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord combine to form? Which neurones run here?

A

A spinal nerve

Both sensory and motor neurones

22
Q

What neurones run in the ventral root?

A

Motor neurones

23
Q

What type of neurones are sensory neurones? What is the advantage of this?

A

Pseudounipolar cells

Faster transmission of impulses, cell body doesn’t get in the way

24
Q

What type of neurone is a motor neurone?

A

Multi polar neurone

25
Q

Which neurones run between sensory and motor neurones in the grey matter of the spinal cord?

A

Inter-neurones.

26
Q

What are the extensions of the cytoplasm of the cell body of a motor neurone called?

A

Dendrites

27
Q

What is the structure of a spinal fibre?

A

Consists of many nerve fibres in bundles called fascicles

28
Q

Around each fascicle of nerve fibres there is…

A

Perineurium

29
Q

Around each individual nerve fibre there is…

A

Endoneurium

30
Q

Around the whole spinal fibre there is…

A

Epineurium

31
Q

Epineurium, perineurium and endoneurium are examples of which type of tissue?

A

Loose CT

32
Q

The cells of the nervous system can be grouped into which two categories?

A

Neurones

Glial cells

33
Q

What are 4 examples of glial cells?

A

Astrocytes
Microglia
Schwann Cells
Oligodendrocytes

34
Q

What role do microglia play in the nervous system?

A

They survey the CNS for pathogens and effectively become macrophages when activated

35
Q

What role do Schwann cells play in the nervous system?

A

They myelinate axons in the PNS

36
Q

How many axons can one Schwann cell myelinate?

A

1 axon

37
Q

What are the roles of non-myelinating Schwann cells?

A

They surround many axons for support

Axons become invaginated into Schwann cell structure but not insulated

38
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A

Found in the CNS

Myelinate multiple axons

39
Q

What role do astrocytes play in the nervous system?

A

Act as cellular vacuums

e.g can act at synapses with its long processes to vacuum excess transmitter

40
Q

How is the blood brain barrier formed?

A

By interaction of astrocytes with endothelial cells to form tight junctions

Body Logistics (19 decks)

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