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Body Logistics > Cartilage > Flashcards

Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

Is cartilage a vascular or avascular tissue?

A

Avascular

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2
Q

Cartilage has an extensive EM, which cells produce and maintain the EM?

A

Chondrocytes in the EM

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3
Q

Which feature of the EM of cartilage allows diffusion of substances between chondrocytes and surrounding blood vessels?

A

The large ratio of GAGs —> hydrated gel —> fast diffusion

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4
Q

What does the ground substance of cartilage consist of? (3)

A

Proteoglycan monomers
Hyaluronic acid
Collagen fibrils

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5
Q

What sort of molecule is hyaluronic acid?

A

A GAG

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6
Q

How do the proteoglycan monomers, hyaluronic acid molecules and collagen fibrils in the ground substance of cartilage interact with each other?

A

Hyaluronic acid attaches to proteoglycan monomers to form a hyaluronate proteoglycan aggregate

These become interwoven with the collagen fibrils

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7
Q

What are some features of the EM in cartilage?

A

Solid, firm, pliable and resilient to pressure

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8
Q

What characteristic of GAGs allows it to attract water molecules to form a hydrated gel?

A

High density of -ve charges on the GAG

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9
Q

What is the difference in structure between hyaline and elastic cartilage? What molecules do both contain?

A

Both contain proteoglycan monomers, GAGs and type 2 collagen

In elastic cartilage there is the addition of many elastic fibres/elastic lamellae

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10
Q

What are the three types of cartilage? Which is the most common?

A

Hyaline cartilage (most common)
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage

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11
Q

What is the structure of fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage?

A

Same structure as hyaline cartilage with the addition of abundant type 1 collagen fibres

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12
Q

What are the only cells found in hyaline cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

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13
Q

How do chondrocytes present in hyaline cartilage?

A

Singly or as small clusters called isogenous groups

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14
Q

Chondrocytes in isogenous groups separate as they…

A

Lay down the EM

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15
Q

What is the relevance of hyaline cartilage in fetal development?

A

Hyaline cartilage is the precursor for bones which later develop

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16
Q

Hyaline cartilage is found at the articulating surfaces of which type of bone?

A

Long bone

17
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found in the body?

A

At articulating surfaces in;

Trachea, bronchi, nose, larynx, parts of the rib cage

18
Q

What is the perichondrium? Where is it found?

A

A layer of dense irregular connective tissue

Covers the margin of hyaline cartilage

19
Q

What cells does the perichondrium contain that are relevant in cartilage?

A

Elongated fibroblasts

20
Q

How do the elongated fibroblasts found in the perichondrium develop?

A

Elongated fibroblasts —-> chondroblasts —> chondrocytes

21
Q

In what two ways can cartilage grow?

A

Appositional growth (growth from the sides)

Interstitial growth (deeper chondrocytes divide forming isogenous groups which lay down the EM)

22
Q

Each chondrocyte lies in a …

A

Lacuna (space where the cell lies)

23
Q

What affects how much EM is laid down by chondrocytes?

A

The response of the chondrocytes to different pressure loads

24
Q

In what two places is there no perichondrium around the hyaline cartilage?

A

At articulating surfaces

At epiphyseal growth plates

25
Q

Does either hyaline cartilage or elastic cartilage calcify with ageing?

A

Hyaline cartilage does

Elastic cartilage doesn’t

26
Q

What appearance do elastic fibres take in micrographs?

A

Dark staining

27
Q

Name two places in the body where there is elastic cartilage?

A

External ear (pinna of the ear)
Epiglottis
Eustachian tube

28
Q

What cells are found in fibrocartilage?

A

Fibroblasts

Chondrocytes

29
Q

What does fibrocartilage consist of? What are its properties?

A

Combination of dense regular CT and hyaline cartilage

Shock-absorbent, resists shearing forces

30
Q

What appearance do cells in fibrocartilage take?

A

Cells often seen in rows

31
Q

Does fibrocartilage have a surrounding perichondrium?

A

No

32
Q

Give two examples of where you would find fibrocartilage in the body?

A

Intervertebral discs
Menisci of the knee joint
Pubic symphysis

Body Logistics (19 decks)

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