The Nervous System Flashcards by soraya ElKhaoudiMorcillo

What is the peripheral nervous system made up of

Nerves and ganglia that collect and send information to the brain and spinal cord

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What does the central nervous system do

Processes and transmits information

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What is the CNS divided into

Spinal cord- between brain and PNS
Brainstem- connects brain to spinal cord
Bain- divided into 3 parts- hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain

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What is the peripheral nervous system divided into

Autonomic NS- then splits into parasymp and sympathetic
Somatic/ motor NS

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What kind of neurones does the PNS contain

Afferent- bring info to CNS
Efferent- carry info away from CNS

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In an MRI what is grey matter

Cell bodies and dendrites

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In an MRI what is white matter

Myelinated axons

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What colour do cell bodies and dendrites appear in an MRI

Grey

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What colour do myelinated axons appear in an MRI

White

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What do the ventricles in the brain contain

Cerebrospinal fluid

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How is cerebrospinal fluid made

Made by filtering blood plasma in the choroid plexus

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What is the purpose of cerebrospinal fluid

Provides nutrients and cushions the brain

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What are the three meninges of the brain

Dura mater
Pia mater
Arachnoid mater

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Describe structure of dura mater

Outermost membrane
Thick and tough
Has two layers- periosteal- next to bone
- meningeal- next to membrane

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What is the function of the dura mater

Divides the cranium into 3 spaces
Falx cerebri- separates 2 hemispheres
Tentorium cerebelli- separates occipital lobe and superior aspect of cerebellum

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Describe the structure of arachnoid mater

Middle membrane
Contains web-like fibres

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What is the function of the arachnoid mater

Important for CSF circulation

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Describe the structure of pia mater

Thin
Innermost membrane- sits on surface of brain
Follows folds of the brain- gyri and sulci

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What is the function of pia mater

Permits blood vessels to pass through it

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What is meningitis

Acute or chronic inflammation of the protective membranes

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What are some symptoms of meningitis

Fever
Intense headache
Vomiting
Neck stiffness- nuchal rigidity
Occasionally photophobia

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What are the 4 parts brain is categorically split into

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Brainstem

What is the function of the forebrain

Processing info
Decision making
Complex thought

What is the function of the midbrain

Integrates info Connects forebrain with hindbrain

What makes up the midbrain

Thalamus and hypothalamus

What is the function of the hypothalamus

Controls internal conditions- eg. Temperature

What is the function of the hindbrain

Controls motor output

What makes up the hindbrain

Cerebellum

What is the function of the brainstem

Controls autonomic systems- eg. heartbeat and breathing

What are the parts of the brain stem

Midbrain, Pons and medulla

What structure of the brain joins the two hemispheres together

Corpus callosum

What is the function of the corpus callosum

joins the two hemispheres together

Describe structure of corpus callosum

Tough network of fibres

What are sulci and gyri

Sulci- valleys of the brain Gyri- hills of the brain

What anatomical landmark of the brain separates the anterior aspect of the brain to the posterior

The central sulcus

What anatomical landmark seperates the left side of the brain to the right

Longitudinal fissure

What is the purpose of the central sulcus

Separates anterior aspect of brain to posterior

What is the purpose of the longitudinal fissure

Separates hemispheres

Where is the pre and post central gyri located

Pre- infront of central sulcus Post- behind central sulcus

What is the function of the precentral gyrus

Primary motor cortex

What is the function of the postcentral gyrus

Primary sensory cortex

What is the function of the parietal lobe

Sensory perception and integration

Function of occipital lobe

Vision

Function of frontal lobe

Emotion, impulse control, problem solving, social interaction, executive function and working memory- short term memory

Function of temporal lobe

Hearing, language and memory

What lobe carries out the function of Hearing, language and memory

Temporal lobe

What lobe carries out the function of emotion, impulse control, problem solving, social interaction, executive function and working memory- short term memory

Frontal lobe

What lobe carries out the function of vision

Occipital

What lobe carries out the function of Sensory perception and integration

Parietal

What is Broca’s aphasia and how is it caused

Caused by damage to Broca’s area in left frontal lobe Affects ability to produce language effectively Speech isn’t fluent- syntax and grammar affected

What is wernicke’s aphasia

Cause speech to be fluent and well structured but makes very little sense- random words

What is the function wernickes area

important for language comprehension

What is the function of Broca’s area

Important for language production

How does information flow in the CNS

Sensory information from peripheral receptors to thalamus then primary association areas. Activates forebrain- processes info and directs motor commands via hindbrain.