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MD003 > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system made up of

A

Nerves and ganglia that collect and send information to the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What does the central nervous system do

A

Processes and transmits information

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3
Q

What is the CNS divided into

A

Spinal cord- between brain and PNS
Brainstem- connects brain to spinal cord
Bain- divided into 3 parts- hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain

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4
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system divided into

A

Autonomic NS- then splits into parasymp and sympathetic
Somatic/ motor NS

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5
Q

What kind of neurones does the PNS contain

A

Afferent- bring info to CNS
Efferent- carry info away from CNS

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6
Q

In an MRI what is grey matter

A

Cell bodies and dendrites

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7
Q

In an MRI what is white matter

A

Myelinated axons

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8
Q

What colour do cell bodies and dendrites appear in an MRI

A

Grey

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9
Q

What colour do myelinated axons appear in an MRI

A

White

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10
Q

What do the ventricles in the brain contain

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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11
Q

How is cerebrospinal fluid made

A

Made by filtering blood plasma in the choroid plexus

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12
Q

What is the purpose of cerebrospinal fluid

A

Provides nutrients and cushions the brain

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13
Q

What are the three meninges of the brain

A

Dura mater
Pia mater
Arachnoid mater

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14
Q

Describe structure of dura mater

A

Outermost membrane
Thick and tough
Has two layers- periosteal- next to bone
- meningeal- next to membrane

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15
Q

What is the function of the dura mater

A

Divides the cranium into 3 spaces
Falx cerebri- separates 2 hemispheres
Tentorium cerebelli- separates occipital lobe and superior aspect of cerebellum

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16
Q
A
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17
Q

Describe the structure of arachnoid mater

A

Middle membrane
Contains web-like fibres

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18
Q

What is the function of the arachnoid mater

A

Important for CSF circulation

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19
Q

Describe the structure of pia mater

A

Thin
Innermost membrane- sits on surface of brain
Follows folds of the brain- gyri and sulci

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20
Q

What is the function of pia mater

A

Permits blood vessels to pass through it

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21
Q

What is meningitis

A

Acute or chronic inflammation of the protective membranes

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22
Q

What are some symptoms of meningitis

A

Fever
Intense headache
Vomiting
Neck stiffness- nuchal rigidity
Occasionally photophobia

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23
Q

What are the 4 parts brain is categorically split into

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Brainstem

24
Q

What is the function of the forebrain

A

Processing info
Decision making
Complex thought

25
Q

What is the function of the midbrain

A

Integrates info
Connects forebrain with hindbrain

26
Q

What makes up the midbrain

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

27
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus

A

Controls internal conditions- eg. Temperature

28
Q

What is the function of the hindbrain

A

Controls motor output

29
Q

What makes up the hindbrain

A

Cerebellum

30
Q

What is the function of the brainstem

A

Controls autonomic systems- eg. heartbeat and breathing

31
Q

What are the parts of the brain stem

A

Midbrain, Pons and medulla

32
Q

What structure of the brain joins the two hemispheres together

A

Corpus callosum

33
Q

What is the function of the corpus callosum

A

joins the two hemispheres together

34
Q

Describe structure of corpus callosum

A

Tough network of fibres

35
Q

What are sulci and gyri

A

Sulci- valleys of the brain
Gyri- hills of the brain

36
Q

What anatomical landmark of the brain separates the anterior aspect of the brain to the posterior

A

The central sulcus

37
Q

What anatomical landmark seperates the left side of the brain to the right

A

Longitudinal fissure

38
Q

What is the purpose of the central sulcus

A

Separates anterior aspect of brain to posterior

39
Q

What is the purpose of the longitudinal fissure

A

Separates hemispheres

40
Q

Where is the pre and post central gyri located

A

Pre- infront of central sulcus
Post- behind central sulcus

41
Q

What is the function of the precentral gyrus

A

Primary motor cortex

42
Q

What is the function of the postcentral gyrus

A

Primary sensory cortex

43
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe

A

Sensory perception and integration

44
Q

Function of occipital lobe

45
Q

Function of frontal lobe

A

Emotion, impulse control, problem solving, social interaction, executive function and working memory- short term memory

46
Q

Function of temporal lobe

A

Hearing, language and memory

47
Q

What lobe carries out the function of Hearing, language and memory

A

Temporal lobe

48
Q

What lobe carries out the function of emotion, impulse control, problem solving, social interaction, executive function and working memory- short term memory

A

Frontal lobe

49
Q

What lobe carries out the function of vision

50
Q

What lobe carries out the function of Sensory perception and integration

51
Q

What is Broca’s aphasia and how is it caused

A

Caused by damage to Broca’s area in left frontal lobe
Affects ability to produce language effectively
Speech isn’t fluent- syntax and grammar affected

52
Q

What is wernicke’s aphasia

A

Cause speech to be fluent and well structured but makes very little sense- random words

53
Q

What is the function wernickes area

A

important for language comprehension

54
Q

What is the function of Broca’s area

A

Important for language production

55
Q

How does information flow in the CNS

A

Sensory information from peripheral receptors to thalamus then primary association areas.
Activates forebrain- processes info and directs motor commands via hindbrain.

MD003 (16 decks)

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