The Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

What does the somatic/motor nervous system control

Answer 1

Voluntary movement via striated muscles

Question 2

What type of nervous system is controlled via striated muscles

Answer 2

Somatic/motor nervous system

Question 3

What does the autonomic nervous system control

Answer 3

Involuntary movement of the heart, digestive system and glands via smooth muscle

Question 4

What type of nervous system controls involuntary movement via smooth muscles

Answer 4

Autonomic

Question 5

What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

Sympathetic- activates organs- fight or flight
Parasympathetic- relaxes organs- rest and digest

Question 6

What do the sympathetic nerves do

Answer 6

Activate organs

Question 7

What do the parasympathetic nerves do

Answer 7

They relax organs

Question 8

What is the enteric nervous system and what is its function

Answer 8

Third part of the ANS
Controls digestion and gut motility

Question 9

What nervous system controls digestion and gut motility

Answer 9

Enteric nervous system

Question 10

What are the three parts of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 10

Sympathetic nerves
Parasympathetic nerves
Enteric nervous system

Question 11

What part of the spine does the sympathetic nervous system arise from

Answer 11

T5-L3

Question 12

Where does the parasympathetic nerves arise from

Answer 12

From the brainstem cranial nerves and sacral region of the spinal cord- S2-S4

Question 13

What nervous system arises from T5-L3

Answer 13

Sympathetic

Question 14

What nervous system arises from the brain stem cranial nerves and S2-S4

Answer 14

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 15

Where are preganglionic and postganglionic neurones found

Answer 15

In both the parasympathetic and sympathetic NS

Question 16

What type of neurones make up sympathetic nervous system

Answer 16

Pre and post ganglionic

Question 17

What type of neurones make up parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 17

Pre and postganglionic

Question 18

What is the difference between the neurones in the parasympathetic and the sympathetic NS

Answer 18

Sympathetic- preganglionic neurons connect to post close to spinal cord
Parasympathetic- neurones from synapses close to or within target organs

Question 19

Which nervous system has preganglionic neurons that connect to post close to spinal cord

Answer 19

Sympathetic

Question 20

Which nervous system has neurones that form synapses close to or within target organs

Answer 20

Parasympathetic

Question 21

What are sympathetic ganglia

Answer 21

Clusters of cell bodies located outside CNS
Act as relay points for signals that travel from CNS to target organs and tissues

Question 22

What is the sympathetic chain/trunk

Answer 22

Series of connected sympathetic ganglia that form chain-like structure that runs along both sides of the spinal cord

Question 23

What neurotransmitter is used by preganglionic neurones in both SNS and PSNS

Answer 23

Acetylcholine

Question 24

What neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic neurones in SNS

Answer 24

Noradrenaline- mostly
Acetylcholine in sweat glands

Question 25

What neutransmitter is released by postganglionic neurons in PSNS

Answer 25

Acetylcholine

Question 26

What receptors are activated by acetylcholine

Answer 26

Muscarinic and nicitonic acetylcholine receptors

Question 27

What neurotransmitter activates muscarinic and nicitonic acetylcholine receptors

Answer 27

acetylcholine

Question 28

What receptors does noradrenaline activate

Answer 28

Alpha and beta adrenoreceptors

Question 29

What neurotransmitter activated Alpha and beta adrenoreceptors

Answer 29

Noradrenaline

Question 30

What are some of the functions of the SNS

Answer 30

Dilates pupil of eye Inhibits salivary gland production Relaxes bronchi of lungs Accelerates heart Inhibits activity of gall bladder, spleen, stomach and intestines Inhibits bladder emptying Inhibits erection of genitalia

Question 31

What are some functions of the PSNS

Answer 31

Contracts pupil Stimulates salivary gland secretion Constricts bronchi Slows heart Stimulates gall bladder, spleen, stomach and intestines Promotes bladder emptying Promotes erection of genitalia

Question 32

Does PSNS or SNS relax the bronchi of lungs

Answer 32

SNS

Question 33

Does PSNS or SNS accelerate the heart

Answer 33

SNS

Question 34

Does PSNS or SNS slow heart

Answer 34

PSNS

Question 35

Does PSNS or SNS stimulate salivary gland secretion

Answer 35

PSNS

Question 36

How does the PSNS and SNS control heart beat

Answer 36

Sympathetic releases noradrenaline- activates SA node- speeds up heart Para releases acetylcholine- inhibits SA node- slows down heart They counteract each other to maintain homeostasis

Question 38

What part of the brain is supplied blood by the internal carotid arteries

Answer 38

Anterior

Question 39

The anterior aspect of the brain is supplied by what arteries

Answer 39

Internal carotid- split into anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Question 40

What part of the brain is supplied blood by the vertebral arteries

Answer 40

Posterior

Question 41

The posterior aspect of the brain is supplied blood by what arteries

Answer 41

Vertebral arteries Basal artery Posterior cerebral arteries

Question 42

Name the lobes that the anterior cerebral arteries supply blood to

Answer 42

Frontal and superior medial parietal lobes

Question 43

What arteries supply blood to the frontal and superior medial parietal lobes

Answer 43

Anterior cerebral arteries

Question 44

Name the lobes the middle cerebral arteries supply blood to

Answer 44

Lateral frontal lobe and temporal lobes

Question 45

What arteries supply blood to the lateral frontal lobe and the temporal lobes

Answer 45

Middle cerebral arteries

Question 46

What artery supplies blood to the occipital lobe

Answer 46

Posterior cerebral

Question 47

The posterior cerebral supplies blood to what lobe of the brain

Answer 47

Occipital

Question 48

Where do the dural venous sinuses lie

Answer 48

Between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater

Question 49

What happens in the dural venous sinuses

Answer 49

Pools of blood collect in the dural venous sinuses

Question 50

Where do the dural venous sinuses drain blood

Answer 50

Into the internal jugular vein

Question 51

What drains into the dural venous sinuses

Answer 51

Numerous veins

Question 52

What are some risk factors for stroke

Answer 52

Hypertension Diabetes Smoking High cholesterol and lipid levels Lack of exercise Excessive alcohol intake Heart disease

Question 53

What are the three different types of stroke

Answer 53

Ischaemic- caused by blocked vessel in brain- eg. Blood clot Haemorrhagic- leaking or bursting of blood vessel Transient ischaemic attack- temporary disruption of blood flow to brain

Question 54

Name some symptoms of a stroke

Answer 54

Drooping of one side of the face- mouth, eye Inability to lift arms Weakness/ numbness Slurred speech

Question 55

What can a stroke in the frontal lobe cause

Answer 55

Motor impairments Problem solving and judgment issues Behavioural changes Difficulty with speech

Question 56

A patient comes in with slurred speech, feeling numb and weak in her left arm and is unable to move it much. She smokes and has diabetes. What’s the diagnosis

Answer 56

Stroke in right aspect of the frontal lobe

Question 57

What can a stroke in the parietal lobe cause- primary and secondary effects

Answer 57

Can affect sensory interpretation Language and spatial awareness Secondary effects- alexia- difficulty reading - agraphia- difficulty writing -aphasia- difficulty speaking

Question 58

A patient comes in with a family member. Family member states the other day patient was confused about where they were and weren’t able to talk well and is now struggling to read. What’s the diagnosis?

Answer 58

Stroke in parietal lobe Lead to aphasia and alexia

Question 59

What can a stroke in the occipital lobe cause

Answer 59

Central vision loss Cortical blindness Visual hallucinations

Question 60

Patient comes in with family member. Family member states patient has been seeking a figure in the living room recently when no one is there. Patient states shes lost eyesight and can not see well. What’s the diagnosis

Answer 60

Stroke in occipital lobe