Anatomy Of Reproduction

Question 1

Definition of fertilisation

Answer 1

Fusion of male and female gametes

Question 2

Definition of implantation

Answer 2

Attachment of a fertilised egg to wall of uterus

Question 3

What is an ovum

Answer 3

Female reproductive cell
Formed in the ovary
maturation of the cell released during ovulation
Largest cell in human body

Question 4

When is the ovum released

Answer 4

During ovulation

Question 5

What is sperm

Answer 5

Male reproductive cell
Formed in testes
Smallest cell in human body

Question 6

Where is sperm formed

Answer 6

In the testes

Question 7

Through what process a re the male and female gametes made

Answer 7

Gametogenisis

Question 8

What is gametogenisis

Answer 8

Where a diploid germ cell undergoes cell division

Question 9

Are gametes haploid or diploid

Answer 9

Diploid- have one set of 23 chromosomes

Question 10

Where does sperm travel through in the male reproductive system to reach the ovum

Answer 10

Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra

Question 11

Name some sperm adaptations

Answer 11

Tail
Mitochondria
Has osmotic and pH adaptation

Question 12

How is sperm supported by its environment

Answer 12

There’s physical changes made to the sperm when its in the female reproductive tract- capacitation
Travels with ejaculatory fluid

Question 13

What does the ejaculate fluid contain

Answer 13

Fructose
Prostaglandins
Alkaline fluid
Clotting factors

Question 14

What is the purpose of prostaglandins in ejaculate fluid

Answer 14

Protects the sperm

Question 15

What is the purpose of alkaline fluid in ejaculate fluid

Answer 15

Contrasts the acidity of the female organs

Question 16

What is the purpose of clotting factors in ejaculate fluid

Answer 16

Aid the survival of sperm

Question 17

We’re is the ejaculate fluid produced

Answer 17

Seminal vesicle

Question 18

What is produced in the seminal vesicle

Answer 18

Ejaculate fluid

Question 19

What does seminal fluid contain

Answer 19

Proteolytic enzymes
Citric acid
Phosphates
Lipids
Zinc

Question 20

What’s the function of proteolytic enzymes in the seminal fluid

Answer 20

Breaks down clotting factors
Balance between these enzymes and clotting factors

Question 21

What is the function of the prostate

Answer 21

Releases seminal fluid

Question 22

Where is seminal fluid formed

Answer 22

In the prostate

Question 23

What is formed in the bulbourethral gland

Answer 23

Pre ejaculate

Question 24

Where is pre-ejaculate formed

Answer 24

Bulbourethral gland

Question 25

What does pre-ejaculate contain

Answer 25

Glycoproteins Alkaline Usually doesn’t contain sperm

Question 26

When analysing semen what 5 things do you assess

Answer 26

Motility Morphology Sperm count PH level Volume

Question 27

What’s a form of permanent clinical contraception for men

Answer 27

Cutting the vas deferens

Question 28

Where does sperm travel through in the female reproductive system to reach the ovum

Answer 28

Enters vagina Cervix Uterus Fallopian tubes

Question 29

Where is the ovum released from

Answer 29

Ovary into the fallopian tubes

Question 30

What is the process of the ovum being released into the fallopian tubes called

Answer 30

Ovulation

Question 31

There is a gap between the ovary and the fallopian tube. What helps the ovum successfully enter the fallopian tube

Answer 31

Fimbrae

Question 32

What is the function of fimbrae

Answer 32

Help keep ovum within the female reproductive tract

Question 33

What are the 4 parts of the fallopian tubes- name from closes to ovary

Answer 33

Fimbrae Infundibulum Ampulla Isthmus

Question 34

Where is the most common site of fertilisation

Answer 34

Ampulla- fallopian tube

Question 35

What is a zygote

Answer 35

A fertilised ovum Diploid cell- 4 chromosomes

Question 36

What is a fertilized ovum referred as

Answer 36

A zygote

Question 37

How is a blastocyst formed

Answer 37

Zygote keeps dividing until its referred to as a blastocyst

Question 38

What is the stage before implantation

Answer 38

Formation of a blastocyst

Question 39

How long after ovulation does the blastocyst attach to and invade the endometrium

Answer 39

6-10 days

Question 40

What occurs 6-10 days after ovulation

Answer 40

Blastocyst attaches to and invades the endometrium

Question 41

What are the 2 main functions of the placenta

Answer 41

Exchange between mother and fetus Release of hormones essential for pregnancy maintenance

Question 42

What are the 3 layers of the endometrium- start with closest to uterine cavity

Answer 42

Functional layer Basal layer Myometrium

Question 43

What arteries supply blood to the endometrium

Answer 43

Spiral arteries

Question 44

What is the function of spiral arteries

Answer 44

Supply blood to endometrium

Question 45

What’s the most common site of implantation in the uterus

Answer 45

Superior aspect of the posterior wall of the uterus

Question 46

What cells determine the limit of invasion of the blastocyst into the endometrium

Answer 46

Decidual cells

Question 47

What is the function of decidual cells

Answer 47

Limit the extent of invasion of the blastocyst into the endometrium

Question 48

What is an ectopic pregnancy

Answer 48

Implantation can occur outside the uterus Lack of decidual cells means potential amount of uncontrolled invasion- medical emergency

Question 49

Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy

Answer 49

Abdominal pain- can mimic other conditions- UTI or appendicitis Spotting/ vaginal bleeding Other signs/ symptoms of early pregnancy

Question 50

What are the complications that can arise due to ectopic pregnancy

Answer 50

Rupture of fallopian tubes Haemorrhage Can be fatal Future fertility issues

Question 51

What other problems can there be with implantation

Answer 51

Too shallow- can lead to pre-eclampsia Too deep- placenta accreta Too low- placenta praevia