Ostelogy Of Bone And Vertebrae

Question 1

What are the two subgroups of the skeletal system

Answer 1

Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

Question 2

What does the axial skeleton include

Answer 2

Skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum

Question 3

What does the appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

Bones of the upper and the lower limbs

Question 4

How many vertebrae are there in total

Answer 4

33

Question 5

How many cervical vertebrae

Answer 5

7

Question 6

How many thoracic vertebrae

Answer 6

12

Question 7

How many lumbar vertebrae

Answer 7

5

Question 8

How many sacral vertebrae

Answer 8

5

Question 9

How many coccygeal vertebrae

Answer 9

4

Question 10

What are vertebrae separated by

Answer 10

Cartilaginous intervertebral discs
Capable of individual movement

Question 11

How mobile is each section of the spine

Answer 11

Cervical spine- very mobile
Thoracic spine- immobile
Lumbar spine- mobile

Question 12

Characteristics of C3-C6

Answer 12

Typical vertebrae features- vertebral body, spinous and transverse processes, lamina and pedicle

Atypical vertebrae features- BIFID spinous process and transverse foramen

Question 13

What makes vertebrae C3-C6 atypical

Answer 13

They have a Bifid spinous process and a transverse foramen

Question 14

What is the function of the transverse foramen

Answer 14

Transmits vertebral artery, vein and sympathetic nerve plexus for C1-C6
C7 only transmits the vertebral vein

Question 15

What is C1 vertebrae known as

Answer 15

Atlas

Question 16

Characteristics of Atlas (C1) vertebrae

Answer 16

No vertebral body
No spinous process
Large transverse process

Question 17

What is C2 also known as

Answer 17

Axis

Question 18

Characteristics of Axis (C2)

Answer 18

Broadest spinal process of cervical vertebra- known as odontoid process or Dens

Question 19

How does C1 and C2 articulate

Answer 19

Dens on C2 articulates with articular facet on C1
Is held in place by transverse ligament on the atlas
Prevents horizontal displacement of atlas
Pivot allows rotation

Question 20

Characteristics of C7

Answer 20

Longest spinous process
Spinous process not Bifid
Large transverse process
Small transverse foramen- only transmits vertebral veins

Question 21

Which cervical vertebrae doesn’t have a Bifid spinous process

Answer 21

C7

Question 22

Characteristics of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 22

Smaller than cervical
Heart shaped
Have Demi facets on sides of vertebral body for articulation with head of rib
Vertebral foramen small and circular- Contain less nervous tissue

Question 23

In how many places does the rib articulate with the vertebra

Answer 23

2

Question 24

Where does the rib articulate with the vertebra

Answer 24

The head of the rib with the vertebral body of the vertebra
The neck of the rib with the transverse process of the vertebra

Question 25

Where does he neurovascular bundle lie within the rib

Answer 25

Within the costal groove

Question 26

Why is the costal groove of the rib important

Answer 26

Its where the neurovascular bundle lies

Question 27

What are the 5 ligaments that interact with the spine

Answer 27

Anterior longitudinal Posterior longitudinal Ligament flavum Interspinous Supraspinous

Question 28

Where is the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine found

Answer 28

At the anterior compartment of the vertebral body of the vertebrae

Question 29

What ligament is found at the anterior compartment of the vertebral body of the vertebrae

Answer 29

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 30

Where is the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine found

Answer 30

At the posterior compartment of the vertebral body or the anterior compartment of the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae

Question 31

What ligament is found at the posterior compartment of the vertebral body or the anterior compartment of the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae

Answer 31

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 32

Where is the ligamentum flavum found in the spine

Answer 32

Runs down the posterior aspect of the lamina connecting vertebrae together via their laminae

Question 33

What ligament runs down the posterior aspect of the lamina connecting vertebrae together via their laminae

Answer 33

Ligamentum flavum

Question 34

Where does the interspinous ligament found in the spine

Answer 34

It joins the inferior aspect of a vertebrae’s spinous process to the superior aspect of the next vertebrae’s spinous process

Question 36

What ligament joins the inferior aspect of a vertebrae’s spinous process to the superior aspect of the next vertebrae’s spinous process

Answer 36

Interspinous ligament

Question 37

Where is the supraspinous ligament found in the spine

Answer 37

Joins vertebraes via their apexes (very tip of the spinous process of a vertebrae)

Question 38

What ligament runs down the posterior of the spine joining vertebrae’s apexes together

Answer 38

Supraspinous ligament

Question 39

What parts of the spine have primary curvatures- known as kyphosis

Answer 39

Thoracic and sacrum

Question 40

What parts of the spine have secondary curvatures- known as lordosis

Answer 40

Cervical and lumbar

Question 41

Is the cervical spine lordosis or kyphosis

Answer 41

Lordosis

Question 42

Is the thoracic spine lordosis or kyphosis

Answer 42

Kyphosis

Question 43

Is the lumbar spine lordosis or kyphosis

Answer 43

Lordosis

Question 44

Is the sacrum and coccyx lordosis or kyphosis

Answer 44

Kyphosis

Question 45

What is the definition of kyphosis

Answer 45

The outward curvature of the spine- like hunch back

Question 46

What is the definition of lordosis

Answer 46

The inward curvature of the spine