Ostelogy Of Bone And Vertebrae Flashcards
What are the two subgroups of the skeletal system
Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
What does the axial skeleton include
Skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum
What does the appendicular skeleton
Bones of the upper and the lower limbs
How many vertebrae are there in total
33
How many cervical vertebrae
7
How many thoracic vertebrae
12
How many lumbar vertebrae
5
How many sacral vertebrae
5
How many coccygeal vertebrae
4
What are vertebrae separated by
Cartilaginous intervertebral discs
Capable of individual movement
How mobile is each section of the spine
Cervical spine- very mobile
Thoracic spine- immobile
Lumbar spine- mobile
Characteristics of C3-C6
Typical vertebrae features- vertebral body, spinous and transverse processes, lamina and pedicle
Atypical vertebrae features- BIFID spinous process and transverse foramen
What makes vertebrae C3-C6 atypical
They have a Bifid spinous process and a transverse foramen
What is the function of the transverse foramen
Transmits vertebral artery, vein and sympathetic nerve plexus for C1-C6
C7 only transmits the vertebral vein
What is C1 vertebrae known as
Atlas
Characteristics of Atlas (C1) vertebrae
No vertebral body
No spinous process
Large transverse process
What is C2 also known as
Axis
Characteristics of Axis (C2)
Broadest spinal process of cervical vertebra- known as odontoid process or Dens
How does C1 and C2 articulate
Dens on C2 articulates with articular facet on C1
Is held in place by transverse ligament on the atlas
Prevents horizontal displacement of atlas
Pivot allows rotation
Characteristics of C7
Longest spinous process
Spinous process not Bifid
Large transverse process
Small transverse foramen- only transmits vertebral veins
Which cervical vertebrae doesn’t have a Bifid spinous process
C7
Characteristics of thoracic vertebrae
Smaller than cervical
Heart shaped
Have Demi facets on sides of vertebral body for articulation with head of rib
Vertebral foramen small and circular- Contain less nervous tissue
In how many places does the rib articulate with the vertebra
2
Where does the rib articulate with the vertebra
The head of the rib with the vertebral body of the vertebra
The neck of the rib with the transverse process of the vertebra
Where does he neurovascular bundle lie within the rib
Within the costal groove
Why is the costal groove of the rib important
Its where the neurovascular bundle lies
What are the 5 ligaments that interact with the spine
Anterior longitudinal
Posterior longitudinal
Ligament flavum
Interspinous
Supraspinous
Where is the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine found
At the anterior compartment of the vertebral body of the vertebrae
What ligament is found at the anterior compartment of the vertebral body of the vertebrae
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Where is the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine found
At the posterior compartment of the vertebral body or the anterior compartment of the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae
What ligament is found at the posterior compartment of the vertebral body or the anterior compartment of the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Where is the ligamentum flavum found in the spine
Runs down the posterior aspect of the lamina connecting vertebrae together via their laminae
What ligament runs down the posterior aspect of the lamina connecting vertebrae together via their laminae
Ligamentum flavum
Where does the interspinous ligament found in the spine
It joins the inferior aspect of a vertebrae’s spinous process to the superior aspect of the next vertebrae’s spinous process
What ligament joins the inferior aspect of a vertebrae’s spinous process to the superior aspect of the next vertebrae’s spinous process
Interspinous ligament
Where is the supraspinous ligament found in the spine
Joins vertebraes via their apexes (very tip of the spinous process of a vertebrae)
What ligament runs down the posterior of the spine joining vertebrae’s apexes together
Supraspinous ligament
What parts of the spine have primary curvatures- known as kyphosis
Thoracic and sacrum
What parts of the spine have secondary curvatures- known as lordosis
Cervical and lumbar
Is the cervical spine lordosis or kyphosis
Lordosis
Is the thoracic spine lordosis or kyphosis
Kyphosis
Is the lumbar spine lordosis or kyphosis
Lordosis
Is the sacrum and coccyx lordosis or kyphosis
Kyphosis
What is the definition of kyphosis
The outward curvature of the spine- like hunch back
What is the definition of lordosis
The inward curvature of the spine
