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MD003 > Bones And Joints > Flashcards

Bones And Joints Flashcards

1
Q

How is cortical seen in an x ray

A

Whiter more dense

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2
Q

How is spongy bone seen in an x ray

A

Darker- more grey- less dense

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3
Q

What is spongy bone filled with

A

Red bone marrow

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4
Q

What are bones covered with

A

Periosteum

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5
Q

What is periosteum

A

Fibrous membrane that covers bones- provides them with blood and nutrients

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6
Q

What kind of bone marrow does cortical bone contain

A

Yellow

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7
Q

What cells synthesize osteoid and deposit calcium hydroxyapatite

A

Osteoblasts

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8
Q

What is the function of osteoblasts

A

Synthesize osteoid and deposit calcium hydroxyapatite

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9
Q

What is osteoid

A

Unmineralized organic content of bone- 90% collagen and 10% ground substance

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10
Q

What do osteocytes do

A

Monitor stress levels

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11
Q

What cells in the bone monitor stress levels

A

Osteocytes

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12
Q

What do osteoclasts do

A

They destroy the bone- break it down and remove it- called resorption

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13
Q

What cells carry out resorption in the bone

A

Osteoclasts

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14
Q

What are the 5 different types of bone

A

Long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid

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15
Q

Give an example of a long bone

A

Humerus or femur

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16
Q

Give an example of a short bone

A

Carpal or tarsal bones

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17
Q

Give an example of an irregular bone

A

Vertebra or mandible

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18
Q

Give an example of a flat bone

A

Parietal, frontal, ilium, or sternum

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19
Q

Give an example of a sesamoid bone

A

Patella

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20
Q

What are the 3 parts of a long bone

A

Diaphysis, metaphysis and epiphysis

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21
Q

What part is the diaphysis of the bone

A

Long shaft of the middle of the bone

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22
Q

What is the metaphysis of a bone

A

The flared regions either side of the bone that connect to the diaphysis

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23
Q

What is the epiphysis of the bone

A

Region past the physis of the bone

24
Q

What is the physis of the bone

A

Growth plate of the bone

25
Q

What arteries supply the epiphysis of the bone

A

Epiphyseal arteries

26
Q

What arteries supply the metaphysis of the bone

A

Metaphyseal arteries

27
Q

What arteries supply the cavity of the diaphysis of the bone

A

Nutrient arteries

28
Q

What arteries supply the periosteum

A

Periosteal arteries

29
Q

What is the definition of a joint

A

An articulation between two or more bones

30
Q

What is a fibrous joint

A

Bones connected by collagen

31
Q

Characteristics of a fibrous joint and give an example

A

Tough, no movement and very stable- eg. Sutures of the skull

32
Q

What is a cartilaginous joint

A

Bones connected by fibrous or hyaline cartilage

33
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints

A

Primary and secondary

35
Q

Characteristics of primary cartilaginous joints

A

Contain hyaline cartilage, dont allow movement, can be temporary at epiphyseal plates or permanent at costochondral joints

36
Q

Characteristics of secondary cartilaginous joints

A

Contains fibrous cartilage, allows minimum movement but very strong- eg. Pubic symphysis

37
Q

What are the 6 different types of synovial joints

A

Ball and socket, hinge, plane, saddle, pivot, condyloid (ellipsoid)

38
Q

Characteristics of a ball and socket joint

A

Bone with rounded articulated head- eg. Femur
Bone with concave depression- eg. Pelvic bone
Very mobile
Less stable

39
Q

Characteristics of hinge joint

A

Convex surface articulating with a concave surface- eg. Elbow
Only allow movement in one plane of direction
Quite stable

40
Q

Characteristics of a plane joint

A

Both articulating surfaces flat- glide over each other
Eg. Intercarpal joints in hand or facet joints of spine

41
Q

Characteristics of saddle joint

A

Articulating surfaces both saddle shaped- each have both convex and concave parts
Eg. Carpometacarpal joint- thumb
Allows movement in two planes

42
Q

Characteristics of a pivot joint

A

Cylindrical bone articulates with another bone usually supported by a ligament
Eg. Proximal radioulnar joint

43
Q

Characteristics of condyloid (ellipsoid) joint

A

One depression in bone articulates with rounded ellipsoid shape on other bone
Eg. Radiocarpal- wrist joint.

45
Q

Definition of a condyle

A

Rounded, knuckle-like articular areas often occuring in pairs
Usually for articulation with another joint
Eg. Femoral condyles

46
Q

Definition of epicondyle

A

Region adjacent to condyle
Can be a site of muscle attachment

47
Q

Definition of foramen

A

Hole through bone
Usually rounded
Allows nerves and vessels to pass through

48
Q

Definition of fossa

A

A shallow depression or hollow
Large surface area for muscle attachment

49
Q

Definition of head

A

Large round articular end of a bone
Usually articulation with another bone

50
Q

Definition of crest

A

Ridge of bone- tends to be wider than a line
Site for muscle attachment

51
Q

Definition of line

A

Slightly raised elongated ridge
Site of muscle attachment

52
Q

Definition of notch

A

Indentation at end of bone
Allow passage of neurovasculature or articulation with another bone

53
Q

Defintion of spine

A

Thorn like projection of bone
Attachment for muscles or ligaments

54
Q

Defintion of tuberosity

A

Roughened projection of bone
Site of muscle attachment

55
Q

Definition of trochanter

A

Large blunt projections of bone
Specific to femur
Site of muscle attachment

MD003 (16 decks)

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