Respiratory Anatomy, Ventilation And Gas Exchange Flashcards
What is the function of conchae
Slows airflow
Increases surface area
What are the three different conchae
Superior
Middle
Inferior
Which two conchae are part of the ethmoid bone
Superior and middle
What bones form the roof of the nasal cavity
Sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal and nasal
What muscles help form the pharynx
Longitudinal and constrictor
What 3 parts is the pharynx split into
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What are the boundaries for the nasopharynx
Base of skull to upper border of the soft palate
Posterior to the nasopharynx is C1 and 2
Anteriorly is the nasal cavity
What are the boundaries for the oropharynx
Soft palate to epiglottis
Posteriorly is C2 and 3
Anteriorly is the oral cavity
Boundaries of laryngopharynx
Oropharynx to Oesophagus
Epiglottis to cricoid cartilage
Anteriorly you have the larynx
Posteriorly C4,5 and 6
What does the laryngopharynx contain
Piriform fossa
What is the function of the 3 primary longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
Elevate the pharynx and larynx during swallowing
How many primary longitudinal muscles of the pharynx are there
3
What are the names of the primary longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingophar
What are the primary longitudinal muscles of the pharynx innervated by
Vagus nerve- CNX
Apart from stylopharyngeus which is innervated by CN IX
What are the pharyngeal constrictors innervated by
Vagus nerve- CNX
What kind of structure do pharyngeal constrictor muscles have
Circular
What is the function of pharyngeal constrictors
Constrict walls of pharynx when swallowing
How many pharyngeal constrictors are there
3
What are the 3 pharyngeal constrictors
Superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
What’s the function of the larynx
Airway protection- Prevent food/ fluid entering airways
Ventilation
Cough reflex- rapidly expel anything
Phonation- sound production
What is the piriform fossa
Pear-shaped depression on either side of the laryngeal inlet
Part of hypopharynx
Involved in speech and swallowing
What are the 3 cartilages of the larynx
Thyroid, arytenoid and cricoid cartilage
What are the 3 membranes of the larynx
Thyrohoid, cricotracheal and cricothyroid membranes
What are the bones of the larynx
Hyoid, laryngeal prominence and inferior horn
In the larynx what is the epiglottis attached to
Inner surface of the thyroid cartilage
In the larynx what is attached to the thyroid cartilage
Epiglottis
What kind of joint is formed between the cricothyroid and the cricoarytenoid cartilage
Synovial joint
What kind of membrane is the larynx lined with
Mucous
What divides the larynx into 3 regions
Mucosal folds
What 3 regions is the larynx divided into
Supraglottis
Glottis
Infraglottis
What are the two parts of the supraglottis
Laryngeal vestibule
False cords
What is the glottis and what does it contain
Narrowest part of the larynx
True cords
What is the infraglottis
Also known as subglottis
Found underneath the glottis
What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx
Alter size and shape of laryngeal inlet
Alter tension and position of vocal cords
What cartilages in the larynx determine the position of the true vocal cords and the size of the rima glottids
Arytenoids and cricoid
What does the position of the arytenoid cartilage on the and cricoid cartilage determine the position and size of
Position of the true vocal cords cords
Size of the rima glottidis
What are the lungs split into
10 bronchopulmonary segments
Describe the structure of the left lung
Two lobes
Oblique fissure
Has groove of the aortic arch
Describe the structure of the rich lung
Three lobes
Oblique and horizontal fissure
Has groove of the azygous vein
What are the 3 types of bronchi
Primary- main
Secondary- lobar
Tertiary- segmental
