Respiratory Anatomy, Ventilation And Gas Exchange

Question 1

What is the function of conchae

Answer 1

Slows airflow
Increases surface area

Question 2

What are the three different conchae

Answer 2

Superior
Middle
Inferior

Question 3

Which two conchae are part of the ethmoid bone

Answer 3

Superior and middle

Question 4

What bones form the roof of the nasal cavity

Answer 4

Sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal and nasal

Question 5

What muscles help form the pharynx

Answer 5

Longitudinal and constrictor

Question 6

What 3 parts is the pharynx split into

Answer 6

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 7

What are the boundaries for the nasopharynx

Answer 7

Base of skull to upper border of the soft palate
Posterior to the nasopharynx is C1 and 2
Anteriorly is the nasal cavity

Question 8

What are the boundaries for the oropharynx

Answer 8

Soft palate to epiglottis
Posteriorly is C2 and 3
Anteriorly is the oral cavity

Question 9

Boundaries of laryngopharynx

Answer 9

Oropharynx to Oesophagus
Epiglottis to cricoid cartilage
Anteriorly you have the larynx
Posteriorly C4,5 and 6

Question 10

What does the laryngopharynx contain

Answer 10

Piriform fossa

Question 11

What is the function of the 3 primary longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

Answer 11

Elevate the pharynx and larynx during swallowing

Question 12

How many primary longitudinal muscles of the pharynx are there

Answer 12

3

Question 13

What are the names of the primary longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

Answer 13

Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingophar

Question 14

What are the primary longitudinal muscles of the pharynx innervated by

Answer 14

Vagus nerve- CNX
Apart from stylopharyngeus which is innervated by CN IX

Question 15

What are the pharyngeal constrictors innervated by

Answer 15

Vagus nerve- CNX

Question 16

What kind of structure do pharyngeal constrictor muscles have

Answer 16

Circular

Question 17

What is the function of pharyngeal constrictors

Answer 17

Constrict walls of pharynx when swallowing

Question 18

How many pharyngeal constrictors are there

Answer 18

3

Question 19

What are the 3 pharyngeal constrictors

Answer 19

Superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

Question 20

What’s the function of the larynx

Answer 20

Airway protection- Prevent food/ fluid entering airways
Ventilation
Cough reflex- rapidly expel anything
Phonation- sound production

Question 21

What is the piriform fossa

Answer 21

Pear-shaped depression on either side of the laryngeal inlet
Part of hypopharynx
Involved in speech and swallowing

Question 22

What are the 3 cartilages of the larynx

Answer 22

Thyroid, arytenoid and cricoid cartilage

Question 23

What are the 3 membranes of the larynx

Answer 23

Thyrohoid, cricotracheal and cricothyroid membranes

Question 24

What are the bones of the larynx

Answer 24

Hyoid, laryngeal prominence and inferior horn

Question 26

In the larynx what is the epiglottis attached to

Answer 26

Inner surface of the thyroid cartilage

Question 27

In the larynx what is attached to the thyroid cartilage

Answer 27

Epiglottis

Question 28

What kind of joint is formed between the cricothyroid and the cricoarytenoid cartilage

Answer 28

Synovial joint

Question 29

What kind of membrane is the larynx lined with

Answer 29

Mucous

Question 30

What divides the larynx into 3 regions

Answer 30

Mucosal folds

Question 31

What 3 regions is the larynx divided into

Answer 31

Supraglottis Glottis Infraglottis

Question 32

What are the two parts of the supraglottis

Answer 32

Laryngeal vestibule False cords

Question 33

What is the glottis and what does it contain

Answer 33

Narrowest part of the larynx True cords

Question 34

What is the infraglottis

Answer 34

Also known as subglottis Found underneath the glottis

Question 35

What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

Answer 35

Alter size and shape of laryngeal inlet Alter tension and position of vocal cords

Question 36

What cartilages in the larynx determine the position of the true vocal cords and the size of the rima glottids

Answer 36

Arytenoids and cricoid

Question 37

What does the position of the arytenoid cartilage on the and cricoid cartilage determine the position and size of

Answer 37

Position of the true vocal cords cords Size of the rima glottidis

Question 38

What are the lungs split into

Answer 38

10 bronchopulmonary segments

Question 39

Describe the structure of the left lung

Answer 39

Two lobes Oblique fissure Has groove of the aortic arch

Question 40

Describe the structure of the rich lung

Answer 40

Three lobes Oblique and horizontal fissure Has groove of the azygous vein

Question 41

What are the 3 types of bronchi

Answer 41

Primary- main Secondary- lobar Tertiary- segmental