The Knee

Question 1

What are the two articulations of the knee

Answer 1

Tibiofemoral
Patellofemoral

Question 2

What is the tibiofemoral articulation

Answer 2

Articulation of the medial and lateral femoral condyles with the medial and lateral tibia condyles

Question 3

What is the patellofemoral articulation

Answer 3

Articulation with the posterior surface of the patella with the patella surface of the femur

Question 4

What is the definition of dislocation

Answer 4

When the articular surfaces of a joint are no longer in contact with each other

Question 5

What is the definition of subluxation

Answer 5

When the articular surfaces of a joint are not fully aligned
Also known as partial dislocation

Question 6

What 6 features increase the stability of joints

Answer 6

Articulating surfaces
Labrum- ring of cartilage located in shoulder
Ligaments
Menisci- c-shaped cartilage located in the knee
Muscles
Joint capsule

Question 7

What is articular labrum and what is its purpose/ function

Answer 7

A fibrocartilaginous structure that deepens a socket
Can be torn in dislocations

Question 8

What is the name of the fibrocartilaginous structure that deepens a socket

Answer 8

Articular labrum

Question 9

What is a ligament

Answer 9

Connective tissue that joins bone to bone

Question 10

What is a tendon

Answer 10

Connective tissue that joins muscle to bone

Question 11

What is aponeurosis

Answer 11

Connective tissue that joins muscle to muscle

Question 12

What connective tissue joins bone to bone

Answer 12

Ligament

Question 13

What connective tissue joins muscle to bone

Answer 13

Tendon

Question 14

What connective tissue joins muscle to muscle

Answer 14

Aponeurosis

Question 15

What are the two types of ligaments

Answer 15

Intraarticular- ligaments within the joint itself
Extraarticular- ligaments on the outside of the joint

Question 16

What are the 3 extraarticular ligaments of the knee

Answer 16

Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament
Patella ligament

Question 17

Where does the lateral collateral ligament originate from and insert into

Answer 17

Originates from the lateral femoral epicondyle
Inserts into the fibular

Question 18

What ligament originates from the lateral fermoral epicondyle and inserts into the fibular head

Answer 18

Lateral collateral ligament

Question 19

Where does the medial (tibial) collateral ligament originate from and insert into

Answer 19

Originates from medial femoral epicondyle
Inserts into superomedial surface of the tibia

Question 20

What ligaments from medial femoral epicondyle and inserts into superomedial surface of the tibia

Answer 20

Medial collateral ligament

Question 21

Where does the patella ligament originate from and insert into

Answer 21

Originate from the patella
Inserts into tibial tuberosity

Question 22

What ligament originates from the patella and inserts into the tibial tuberosity

Answer 22

Patella ligament

Question 23

What is the definition of varus

Answer 23

When the distal portion of a bone is more medial/ head towards the midline than the proximal portion
() bow shaped

Question 24

What is the definition of valgus

Answer 24

When the distal portion of a bone is more lateral/ heads away from the midline than the proximal portion
X shape- like me and Esther

Question 25

What is it called when the distal portion of a bone is more lateral/ heads away from the midline than the proximal portion

Answer 25

Valgus

Question 26

What’s it called when the distal portion of a bone is more medial/ head towards the midline than the proximal portion

Answer 26

Varus

Question 27

What ligament prevents valgus movement

Answer 27

The medial collateral ligament

Question 28

The medial collateral ligament prevents what kind of movement

Answer 28

Valgus

Question 29

What ligament prevents varus movement

Answer 29

The lateral collateral ligament

Question 30

The lateral collateral ligament prevents what kind of movement

Answer 30

Valgus

Question 31

What are the 2 intraarticular ligaments of the knee

Answer 31

Anterior cruciate ligament - ACL Posterior cruciate ligament- PCL

Question 32

Where does the ACL originate from and insert into

Answer 32

Originates from the lateral condyle of the femur Inserts into the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia

Question 33

What intraarticular ligament originates from the lateral condyle of the femur and inserts into the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia

Answer 33

ACL

Question 34

Where does the PCL originate from and insert into

Answer 34

Originates from the medial condyle of the femur Inserts into the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia

Question 35

What intraarticular ligament originates from the medial condyle of the femur and inserts into the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia

Answer 35

PCL

Question 36

In what direction does the ACL head

Answer 36

Heads in a posterolateral direction

Question 37

What intraarticular ligament heads in a posterolateral direction

Answer 37

ACL

Question 38

In what direction does the PCL head

Answer 38

Heads in an anteromedial direction

Question 39

What intraarticular ligament heads in an anteromedial direction

Answer 39

PCL

Question 40

What movement does the ACL prevent

Answer 40

Prevents anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur

Question 41

What ligament prevents anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur

Answer 41

ACL

Question 42

What ligament prevents posterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur

Answer 42

PCL

Question 43

What movement does the PCL prevent

Answer 43

Prevents posterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur

Question 44

What is the purpose menisci in the knee

Answer 44

Increases the congruency of the articular surfaces of the joint- how well the bones fit together Act as shock absorbers

Question 45

Describe the structure of menisci

Answer 45

C shaped and made from fibrocartilage

Question 46

What structures in the knee act as shock absorbers

Answer 46

Menisci

Question 47

What ligament attaches menisci to the bones in the knee

Answer 47

Transverse ligament

Question 48

What ligament attaches the medial meniscus to the bone

Answer 48

Medial collateral ligament

Question 49

Which menisci does the medial collateral ligament attach to the bone

Answer 49

Medial meniscus

Question 50

What does the posterior aspect of the lateral meniscus attach to

Answer 50

The posterior mensicofemoral

Question 51

What part of the meniscus attaches to the posterior mensicofemoral

Answer 51

The posterior aspect of the lateral meniscus

Question 52

What kind of layer is the inner layer of the knee

Answer 52

Synovial- lubricates the knee joint

Question 53

Is the synovial layer the inner or outer part of the knee joint

Answer 53

Inner

Question 54

What kind of layer is the outer layer of the knee

Answer 54

Fibrous

Question 55

Is the fibrous layer the inner or outer layer of the knee joint

Answer 55

Outer

Question 56

What is Hilton’s law

Answer 56

A joint is supplied by the nerve/ nerves that supply the muscles that are crossing and acting on that joint

Question 57

What is the law called that states that ‘A joint is supplied by the nerve/ nerves that supply the muscles that are crossing and acting on that joint’

Answer 57

Hiltons law

Question 58

What arteries supply blood to the knee

Answer 58

Genicular arteries

Question 59

Where do the genicular arteries supply blood to

Answer 59

The knee

Question 60

What arteries do the genicular arteries branch off from

Answer 60

Femoral Popliteal Anterior tibial Fibular