The Knee Flashcards
What are the two articulations of the knee
Tibiofemoral
Patellofemoral
What is the tibiofemoral articulation
Articulation of the medial and lateral femoral condyles with the medial and lateral tibia condyles
What is the patellofemoral articulation
Articulation with the posterior surface of the patella with the patella surface of the femur
What is the definition of dislocation
When the articular surfaces of a joint are no longer in contact with each other
What is the definition of subluxation
When the articular surfaces of a joint are not fully aligned
Also known as partial dislocation
What 6 features increase the stability of joints
Articulating surfaces
Labrum- ring of cartilage located in shoulder
Ligaments
Menisci- c-shaped cartilage located in the knee
Muscles
Joint capsule
What is articular labrum and what is its purpose/ function
A fibrocartilaginous structure that deepens a socket
Can be torn in dislocations
What is the name of the fibrocartilaginous structure that deepens a socket
Articular labrum
What is a ligament
Connective tissue that joins bone to bone
What is a tendon
Connective tissue that joins muscle to bone
What is aponeurosis
Connective tissue that joins muscle to muscle
What connective tissue joins bone to bone
Ligament
What connective tissue joins muscle to bone
Tendon
What connective tissue joins muscle to muscle
Aponeurosis
What are the two types of ligaments
Intraarticular- ligaments within the joint itself
Extraarticular- ligaments on the outside of the joint
What are the 3 extraarticular ligaments of the knee
Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament
Patella ligament
Where does the lateral collateral ligament originate from and insert into
Originates from the lateral femoral epicondyle
Inserts into the fibular
What ligament originates from the lateral fermoral epicondyle and inserts into the fibular head
Lateral collateral ligament
Where does the medial (tibial) collateral ligament originate from and insert into
Originates from medial femoral epicondyle
Inserts into superomedial surface of the tibia
What ligaments from medial femoral epicondyle and inserts into superomedial surface of the tibia
Medial collateral ligament
Where does the patella ligament originate from and insert into
Originate from the patella
Inserts into tibial tuberosity
What ligament originates from the patella and inserts into the tibial tuberosity
Patella ligament
What is the definition of varus
When the distal portion of a bone is more medial/ head towards the midline than the proximal portion
() bow shaped
What is the definition of valgus
When the distal portion of a bone is more lateral/ heads away from the midline than the proximal portion
X shape- like me and Esther
What is it called when the distal portion of a bone is more lateral/ heads away from the midline than the proximal portion
Valgus
What’s it called when the distal portion of a bone is more medial/ head towards the midline than the proximal portion
Varus
What ligament prevents valgus movement
The medial collateral ligament
The medial collateral ligament prevents what kind of movement
Valgus
What ligament prevents varus movement
The lateral collateral ligament
The lateral collateral ligament prevents what kind of movement
Valgus
What are the 2 intraarticular ligaments of the knee
Anterior cruciate ligament - ACL
Posterior cruciate ligament- PCL
Where does the ACL originate from and insert into
Originates from the lateral condyle of the femur
Inserts into the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia
What intraarticular ligament originates from the lateral condyle of the femur and inserts into the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia
ACL
Where does the PCL originate from and insert into
Originates from the medial condyle of the femur
Inserts into the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia
What intraarticular ligament originates from the medial condyle of the femur and inserts into the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia
PCL
In what direction does the ACL head
Heads in a posterolateral direction
What intraarticular ligament heads in a posterolateral direction
ACL
In what direction does the PCL head
Heads in an anteromedial direction
What intraarticular ligament heads in an anteromedial direction
PCL
What movement does the ACL prevent
Prevents anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur
What ligament prevents anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur
ACL
What ligament prevents posterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur
PCL
What movement does the PCL prevent
Prevents posterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur
What is the purpose menisci in the knee
Increases the congruency of the articular surfaces of the joint- how well the bones fit together
Act as shock absorbers
Describe the structure of menisci
C shaped and made from fibrocartilage
What structures in the knee act as shock absorbers
Menisci
What ligament attaches menisci to the bones in the knee
Transverse ligament
What ligament attaches the medial meniscus to the bone
Medial collateral ligament
Which menisci does the medial collateral ligament attach to the bone
Medial meniscus
What does the posterior aspect of the lateral meniscus attach to
The posterior mensicofemoral
What part of the meniscus attaches to the posterior mensicofemoral
The posterior aspect of the lateral meniscus
What kind of layer is the inner layer of the knee
Synovial- lubricates the knee joint
Is the synovial layer the inner or outer part of the knee joint
Inner
What kind of layer is the outer layer of the knee
Fibrous
Is the fibrous layer the inner or outer layer of the knee joint
Outer
What is Hilton’s law
A joint is supplied by the nerve/ nerves that supply the muscles that are crossing and acting on that joint
What is the law called that states that ‘A joint is supplied by the nerve/ nerves that supply the muscles that are crossing and acting on that joint’
Hiltons law
What arteries supply blood to the knee
Genicular arteries
Where do the genicular arteries supply blood to
The knee
What arteries do the genicular arteries branch off from
Femoral
Popliteal
Anterior tibial
Fibular
