the neck II

Question 1

What compartment is the pharynx found?

Answer 1

pretracheal compartment

Question 2

what are the 3 chambers of the pharynx?

Answer 2

• nasopharynx (behind the nasal cavities)
• oropharynx (behind the oral cavity)
• laryngopharynxs (behind the epiglottis)

Question 3

Nasopharynx is a passage for air that lies above?

Answer 3

the soft palate

Question 4

what is a common space for air, food and drink?

Answer 4

oropharynx

Question 5

what is for food, drink and leads into the esophagus?

Answer 5

laryngopharynx

Question 6

the larynx and tdrachea are positioned where in regards to the laryngopharynx?

Answer 6

anterior to

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

waht is the auditory tube (or eustachian tube or pharyngotympanic tube)

Answer 8

cartilaginous and bony tunnel connecting the nasopharynx to the middle ear cavity

Question 9

what is the nasal choana?

Answer 9

passageway between the nasopharynx and each nasal cavity

Question 10

if you open the back of teh laryngopharynx, you can see the epiglottis from behind. What is the aditus?

Answer 10

posterior rim of the passageway for air that begins as teh larynx and gives way to the trachea.

Question 11

what is the piriform recess?

Answer 11

a divet on either side of teh larynx

Question 12

what are the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

what is the innervation?

Answer 12

• pterygoid hamulus (medial pter. plate)
• pterygomandibular raphe
• pharyngeal raphe
• pharyngobasilar

innervation: vagus (X) by pharyngeal plexus

Question 13

the pharynx is partly a musclar tube - the muscles consist of how many constirctor muscles? how many longitudinal muscles?

Answer 13

3 and 3

Question 14

what does the superior constrictor muscle attach to?

Answer 14

pharyngeal tubercle of the cranium and a fascia hanging down from the cranium (pharyngobasilar fascia)

anteriorly its attached to a raphe taht shares the buccinator muscle of the cheeck (pterygomadnibular raphe)

inferiorly and posteriorly it is attached to a midline raphe called teh pharyngeal raphe

Question 15

the middle constrictor muscle is attached to?

innervation?

Answer 15

hyoid bone and the pharyngeal raphe

innervation: vagus (x) by pharyngeal plexus

Question 16

where does the inferior pharygeal constrictor muscle attach?

innervation?

Answer 16

attached to the thyroid, cricoid cartilages and pharyngeal raphe

innervation: vagus (x) by pharyngeal plexus and recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 17

what is the role of longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 17

pull the pharynx up over food being swallowed.

Question 18

what are the longitudinal muscles of pharynx?
their innervations?

Answer 18

stylopharyngeus: glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX)
salpingopharyngeus: (CN X)
palatopharyngeus: (CN X)

Question 19

where is the stylopharyngeus anchored?
what is unique about this muscle?

Answer 19

anchored to the styloid process of the cranium

unique - only muscle innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 20

where does the palatopharyngeus muscle attach?

Answer 20

soft palate to the pharynx

Question 21

where doesthe salpingopharyngeus muscle attach?

Answer 21

end of the cartilaginous auditory tube

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Cranial nerves in the neck

Cranial nerve V

Answer 23

innervates two suprahyoid muscles
- anterior digastric, mylohyoid

Question 24

cranial nerves in the neck

cranial nerve VII

Answer 24

innervates two suprahyoid muscles
- posterior digastric, stylohyoid

Question 25

# cranial nerves in the neck cranial nerve X

Answer 25

motor to pharynx, sensory and motor to larynx

Question 26

# cranial nerves in the neck cranial nerve XI

Answer 26

motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Question 27

# cranial nerves in the neck cranial nerve XII

Answer 27

distributes motor fibers from first cervical spinal nerve - geniohyoid - thyrohyoid - ansa cervicalis ## Footnote * note that cranial nerves have more functions outside of the neck but this is what they do in the neck

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

Now turning our attention to the arteries of the neck… It all begins with the aortic arch which gives off the subclavian artery and the common carotid artery on each side. Recall that the subclavian artery becomes the ______ artery at the lateral border of the _______ ________. But before that happens, it gives off several branches to the neck and shoulder.

Answer 29

axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib

Question 30

what are the branches ofthe subclavian artery?

Answer 30

1. internal thoracic 2. thyrocervical trunk 3. vertebral artery 4. costocervical trunk ## Footnote * some of these have additional branches to consider

Question 31

what are the 4 branches of the thyrocervical trunk artery?

Answer 31

1. inferior thyroid artery 2. ascending cervical a. 3. transverse cervical a. 4. suprascapular a.

Question 32

the common carotid artery is one of the main supplies to the head and divides into an internal and external branch in the neck. at the point of bifurcation there is a tiny organ called? what is it important for? there is another tiny organ at he base of the internal carotid artery called? importance?

Answer 32

carotid body - important for sensing the gas composition of the blood carotid sinus - important for sensing blood pressure (CN IX)

Question 33

the carotid sinus is innervated by which cranial nerve?

Answer 33

CN IX

Question 34

what kind of receptor is the carotid body?

Answer 34

chemoreceptor for oxygen levels

Question 35

what kind of receptor is the carotid sinus?

Answer 35

baroreceptor (carotid sinus nerve) - monitors blood pressure

Question 36

the internal carotid artery has no branches until it gets into?

Answer 36

the carnial cavity

Question 37

the external carotid has several branches. Generally what areas are supplied by these branches?

Answer 37

- temoral region, deep face, ear, - face, tongue, back of skull - thyroid, larynx, pharynx

Question 38

The superior thyroid artery supplies?

Answer 38

thyroid gland

Question 39

the ascending pharyngeal artery supplies the?

Answer 39

deep neck and actually provides a very minor supply to the brain

Question 40

generally speaking what arteries supply the thyroid, larynx and pharynx

Answer 40

superior thyroid ascending pharyngeal

Question 41

what are the 8 branches off the external carotid artery?

Answer 41

1. superior thyroid a 2. ascending pharyngeal a 3. lingual a 4. facial a 5. occipital a 6. posterior auricular 7. maxillary (terminal branch) 8. superficial temporal (terminal branch)

Question 42

what does the lingual a. supply?

Answer 42

tongue

Question 43

what does the facial artery supply?

Answer 43

the face lol

Question 44

what does the occipital artery supply?

Answer 44

back of the head (occipital area lol)

Question 45

what does the posterior auricular artery supply?

Answer 45

head, behind the ear

Question 46

what does the maxillary a and superficial temporal artery supply?

Answer 46

deep face and the side of the head in front of the ear

Question 47

# veins of the neck what are the 2 main veins in the neck?

Answer 47

internal jugular vein external jugular vein

Question 48

where is the IJV found? what type of blood travels through the internal jugular vein?

Answer 48

- in carotid sheath - most of the blood returning from the head travels in the IJV (caries blood from brain and external structure)

Question 49

where is the EJV found? what kind of blood does it carry?

Answer 49

- on lateral surface of SCM m. - blood from external structures only (scalp, face)

Question 50

the EJV dumps into what other vein? and that veins joins what?

Answer 50

dumps into the subclavian vein - the subclavian vein then joins with the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalicvein on each side

Question 51

the EJV collects from the face and external head. many of the peripheral veins first empty into the retromandibularvein. the posterior division ofwhich empties into the EJV.

Answer 51

Question 52

the retromandibular vein is made by joining together of what veins?

Answer 52

maxillary vein and the superficial temporal vein

Question 53

the retromandibular vein runs like a pipe behind the mandible. at its base, it divides into an anterior divisoin destined for ? and a posterior dividion destined for?

Answer 53

- internal jugular - external jugular

Question 54

the anterior division ofthe retromandibular vein joins with the facial vein to make?

Answer 54

the common facial vein, which dumps into the IJV

Question 55

Answer 55