the neck II Flashcards
What compartment is the pharynx found?
pretracheal compartment
what are the 3 chambers of the pharynx?
- nasopharynx (behind the nasal cavities)
- oropharynx (behind the oral cavity)
- laryngopharynxs (behind the epiglottis)
Nasopharynx is a passage for air that lies above?
the soft palate
what is a common space for air, food and drink?
oropharynx
what is for food, drink and leads into the esophagus?
laryngopharynx
the larynx and tdrachea are positioned where in regards to the laryngopharynx?
anterior to
waht is the auditory tube (or eustachian tube or pharyngotympanic tube)
cartilaginous and bony tunnel connecting the nasopharynx to the middle ear cavity
what is the nasal choana?
passageway between the nasopharynx and each nasal cavity
if you open the back of teh laryngopharynx, you can see the epiglottis from behind. What is the aditus?
posterior rim of the passageway for air that begins as teh larynx and gives way to the trachea.
what is the piriform recess?
a divet on either side of teh larynx
what are the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles?
what is the innervation?
- pterygoid hamulus (medial pter. plate)
- pterygomandibular raphe
- pharyngeal raphe
- pharyngobasilar
innervation: vagus (X) by pharyngeal plexus
the pharynx is partly a musclar tube - the muscles consist of how many constirctor muscles? how many longitudinal muscles?
3 and 3
what does the superior constrictor muscle attach to?
pharyngeal tubercle of the cranium and a fascia hanging down from the cranium (pharyngobasilar fascia)
anteriorly its attached to a raphe taht shares the buccinator muscle of the cheeck (pterygomadnibular raphe)
inferiorly and posteriorly it is attached to a midline raphe called teh pharyngeal raphe
the middle constrictor muscle is attached to?
innervation?
hyoid bone and the pharyngeal raphe
innervation: vagus (x) by pharyngeal plexus
where does the inferior pharygeal constrictor muscle attach?
innervation?
attached to the thyroid, cricoid cartilages and pharyngeal raphe
innervation: vagus (x) by pharyngeal plexus and recurrent laryngeal nerves
what is the role of longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?
pull the pharynx up over food being swallowed.
what are the longitudinal muscles of pharynx?
their innervations?
stylopharyngeus: glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX)
salpingopharyngeus: (CN X)
palatopharyngeus: (CN X)
where is the stylopharyngeus anchored?
what is unique about this muscle?
anchored to the styloid process of the cranium
unique - only muscle innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve
where does the palatopharyngeus muscle attach?
soft palate to the pharynx
where doesthe salpingopharyngeus muscle attach?
end of the cartilaginous auditory tube
Cranial nerves in the neck
Cranial nerve V
innervates two suprahyoid muscles
- anterior digastric, mylohyoid
cranial nerves in the neck
cranial nerve VII
innervates two suprahyoid muscles
- posterior digastric, stylohyoid
cranial nerves in the neck
cranial nerve X
motor to pharynx, sensory and motor to larynx
cranial nerves in the neck
cranial nerve XI
motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
cranial nerves in the neck
cranial nerve XII
distributes motor fibers from first cervical spinal nerve
- geniohyoid
- thyrohyoid
- ansa cervicalis
- note that cranial nerves have more functions outside of the neck but this is what they do in the neck
Now turning our attention to the arteries of the neck… It all begins with the aortic arch which gives off the subclavian artery and the common carotid artery on each side. Recall that the subclavian artery becomes the ______ artery at the lateral border of the _______ ________. But before that happens, it gives off several branches to the neck and shoulder.
axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib
what are the branches ofthe subclavian artery?
- internal thoracic
- thyrocervical trunk
- vertebral artery
- costocervical trunk
- some of these have additional branches to consider
what are the 4 branches of the thyrocervical trunk artery?
- inferior thyroid artery
- ascending cervical a.
- transverse cervical a.
- suprascapular a.
the common carotid artery is one of the main supplies to the head and divides into an internal and external branch in the neck. at the point of bifurcation there is a tiny organ called? what is it important for?
there is another tiny organ at he base of the internal carotid artery called? importance?
carotid body - important for sensing the gas composition of the blood
carotid sinus - important for sensing blood pressure (CN IX)
the carotid sinus is innervated by which cranial nerve?
CN IX
what kind of receptor is the carotid body?
chemoreceptor for oxygen levels
what kind of receptor is the carotid sinus?
baroreceptor (carotid sinus nerve) - monitors blood pressure
the internal carotid artery has no branches until it gets into?
the carnial cavity
the external carotid has several branches. Generally what areas are supplied by these branches?
- temoral region, deep face, ear,
- face, tongue, back of skull
- thyroid, larynx, pharynx
The superior thyroid artery supplies?
thyroid gland
the ascending pharyngeal artery supplies the?
deep neck and actually provides a very minor supply to the brain
generally speaking what arteries supply the thyroid, larynx and pharynx
superior thyroid
ascending pharyngeal
what are the 8 branches off the external carotid artery?
- superior thyroid a
- ascending pharyngeal a
- lingual a
- facial a
- occipital a
- posterior auricular
- maxillary (terminal branch)
- superficial temporal (terminal branch)
what does the lingual a. supply?
tongue
what does the facial artery supply?
the face lol
what does the occipital artery supply?
back of the head (occipital area lol)
what does the posterior auricular artery supply?
head, behind the ear
what does the maxillary a and superficial temporal artery supply?
deep face and the side of the head in front of the ear
veins of the neck
what are the 2 main veins in the neck?
internal jugular vein
external jugular vein
where is the IJV found?
what type of blood travels through the internal jugular vein?
- in carotid sheath
- most of the blood returning from the head travels in the IJV (caries blood from brain and external structure)
where is the EJV found? what kind of blood does it carry?
- on lateral surface of SCM m.
- blood from external structures only (scalp, face)
the EJV dumps into what other vein? and that veins joins what?
dumps into the subclavian vein - the subclavian vein then joins with the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalicvein on each side
the EJV collects from the face and external head. many of the peripheral veins first empty into the retromandibularvein.
the posterior division ofwhich empties into the EJV.
the retromandibular vein is made by joining together of what veins?
maxillary vein and the superficial temporal vein
the retromandibular vein runs like a pipe behind the mandible. at its base, it divides into an anterior divisoin destined for ?
and a posterior dividion destined for?
- internal jugular
- external jugular
the anterior division ofthe retromandibular vein joins with the facial vein to make?
the common facial vein, which dumps into the IJV
