skull and cranial nerves Flashcards
week 11
Which cranial suture runs in the midline, between the paired parietal bones?
sagittal
Foramen ovale is in which cranial fossa?
middle
The pterygoid plates are part of which cranial bone?
sphenoid
All of the following bones are part of the neurocranium EXCEPT…
temporal
parietal
frontal
nasal
ethmoid
nasal
All of the following are features of the mandibular ramus EXCEPT…
mandibular condyle
coronoid process
mandibular notch
mental foramen
mental foramen
All of the following structures exit the cranium via the jugular foramen EXCEPT…
hypoglossal nerve
accessory nerve
vagus nerve
glossopharyngeal nerve
hypoglossal nerve
The styloid process and the mastoid process are parts of which cranial bone?
ethmoid
temporal
maxillary
occipital
temporal
The two bones that make up the zygomatic arch are the…
temporal and zygomatic
All of the following pass through the superior orbital fissure EXCEPT…
trochlear nerve
occulomotor nerve
optic nerve
abducent nerve
ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1)
optic nerve
The anterior part of the hard palate is made of up which cranial bone?
palatine
maxillary
vomer
sphenoid
maxillary
The cribriform plate of the ethmoid is a route for which cranial nerve to exit the braincase?
olfactory
All of the following bones are parts of the viscerocranium EXCEPT…
lacrimal
maxillary
occipital
zygomatic
opcciptial
What is the part of the mandible that holds the lower teeth?
alveolar process
What are the seven bones that make up the orbit?
frontal, zygomatic, maxillary, lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and palatine
What are the three foramina in the braincase used by the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
superior orbital fissure (V1), foramen rotundum (V2), and foramen ovale (V3).
what is apart of the neurocranium?
temporal (2)
parietal (2)
frontal
occipital
ethmoid sphenoid
the skull is comprised of?
cranium and mandible
viscerocranium
associated with pharyngeal (visceral) arches and feeding system…face
- maxilla (2)
-inferior nasal concha (2)
-zygomatic (2)
-palatine (2)
-nasal (2)
- lacrimal (2)
mandible body
the mental foramen is present on anterior aspect of the body. the superior aspect contains the avleolar process for the lower dentition (teeth)
mandibular ramus has ?
coronoid and condylar processes
the condylar process artiucaltes with?
the skull via the temporomandibular joint
the condylar process has
an artiuclar head with a narrow neck
The mandibular notch lies between the
condylar and the coronoid processes
the inferior portion of the mandibular ramus is referred to as?
angle of the mandible
what muscles attach to the coronoid process of mandible?
temporalis
the facial nerve enters through internal auditory meatus and exits through?
What does the anterior cranial fossa house?
middle cranial foassae house?
posterior cranial fossa house?
- frontal lobes
- temporal lobes
- cerebellum
what is unique about the petrous ridge?
all orientation and balance structures are housed here (petrous = rock. seoncd most dense bone in the body after teeth. Imporatnt for sound absorptions.
name the cranial nerves
Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet AH
I olfactory
II optic
III oculomotor
IV Trochlear
V Trigeminal
VI Abducens
VII facial
VIII vestibulocochler
IX glossopharyngeal
X vagus
XI accessory
XII hypogossal
What do cranial nerves do?
- general motor (to skeletal muscle)
somatic motor
III (oculomotor)
IV (Trochlear)
V (Trigeminal)
VI (Abducens)
VII (Facial)
IX (gossopharyngeal)
X (vagus)
XI (accessory)
XII (hypoglossal)
what do cranial nerves do?
autonomic/visceral motor
- preganglionic parasympathetic
III (oculomotor)
VII (facial)
IX (glossopharyngeal)
X (vagus)
what do cranial nerves do?
genreal sensory
-touch
-pain
-temp
-pressure
V (trigeminal)
VII (facial)
IX (glossopharyngeal)
X (vagus)
What do cranial nerves do?
special sensory:
smell - (1)
taste - (3)
hearing - (1)
balance - (1)
sight (1)
smell: olfactory (CN I)
tast: facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
hearing: vestibulocochlear (cn VIII)
balance: vestibulococlear (CN VIII)
sight: optic (CN II)
What do cranial nerves do?
visceral sensation including
- chemoreceptors
- baroreceptors
- stretch receptors in GI tract (up to midgut)
hint only 2 cranial nerves
IX - glossopharyngeal
X - vagus
cranial nerves
parasympathetics in the head:
two neuronpathway - postsynaptic cell bodies are located?
in distinct ganglia separate from target structures
cranial nerves
parasympathetics in the head:
postsynaptic fibers often travel with?
trigeminal (V) branches
trigeminal nerve is the high way of the head
cranial nerves
describe the pathway process of parasympathetics in the head
A presynaptic fiber exits the main nerve (red) to attain a ganglion to synapse. The postsynaptic fiber then joins a branch of the trigeminal which delivers the parasympathetic fiber to the target organ.
Trigemnial does not contain parasympathetics – but it provides a means for parasympathetics to get to places in the body.
cranial nerves
describe the trigeminal nerves role in paraysmpathetics?
Trigeminal does not contain parasympathetics – but it provides a means for parasympathetics to get to places in the body.
cranial nerves
what are the cranial nerves with parasympathetics to the head?
III - oculomotor
VII - facial
IX -glossopharyngeal
X -vagus
What are the big 3 foramina you need to know
supraorbital foramen (notch)
infraorbital foramen
mental foramen
describe the process of how parasympathetics synaspe and proceed in the head
Two neuron pathway
Postsynaptic cell bodies are in distinct ganglia separate from target structures
Postsynaptic fibers often travel with Trigeminal (V) branches
(A presynaptic fiber exits the main nerve (red) to attain a ganglion to synapse. The postsynaptic fiber then joins a branch of the trigeminal which delivers the parasympathetic fiber to the target organ.
cranial nerves
olfactory CN I:
functions
foramina
pathway
Function: smell, area supplied olfactory mucosa in nasal cavity
Foramina: small foramina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
Pathway: tiny fibers of the olfactory nerve are called filia olfactoria –> enter anterior cranial fossa throug holes in cribriform plate —>they bring the signal back to a swelling called the olfactory bulb (synapse here) —> from there travel along the thin olfactory tracts back to the brain
cranial nerves
cranial nerve II: optic
Function:
Foramina:
Function: vision - area supplied retina
Foramina: optic canal, optic chiasm, optic tract
cranial nerves
optic nerve: CN II
pathway:
From the back of the eye, it travels in a bony channel at the back of the orbit called the optic canal. The optic nerves on either side cross at the optic chiasm, forming an X shape. Here, some of the fibers from the left eye cross to the right side of the brain while some of them stay on the left and end up on the left side of the brain (the same happens from the right eye). The pituitary gland hangs below the brain directly posterior to this crossing.
cranial nerves
describe the depiction of the visual fields on the left and right. where do the field cross and end up?
The right eye has the right nasal field from the right hemisphere and the right temporal field from the left hemisphere.
the left eye has the right nasal field from the left hemisphere and the left temproal field from the right hemisphere.
the right and left peripheral (temporal) parts cross at the optic chiasm and end up in the opposite hemispheres of the brain
Test yourself! What parts of the visual field remain intact if there is a lesion in the right optic nerve? How about if it’s in the right optic tract?
- A lesion on cranial nerve 2 – lesion somewhere in the right optic nerve – middle ?
- Lesion in right optic tract – bottom ?
- Lesion right in the middle (pituitary tumor that cuts off chiasm)
- Right temporal and right nasal
- lose green and yellow. Some deficit with right nasal and left temporal
- lose all peripheral vision right and left temporal
cranial nerves
what is the main nerve that controls the extraocular muscles?
oculomotor nerve (CN III)
cranial nerves
CN III - oculomotor nerve
Function:
Foramina:
Branches:
Function: general motor to 4 muscles that move the eye and 1 muscle that raises the upper eyelid
- preganglionic parasympethic to smooth muscles of the eye (ciliary muscle, constrictor/sphincter pupillae)
**Foramina: **enters the middle cranial fossa, then goes through an oblong gap called superior orbital fissure to get into the back of the orbit.
Branches: splits into 2 branches, superior and inferior. the superior innervates the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. the inferior branch supplies the inferior rectus, inferior oblique adn medial rectus muscles.
cranial nerves
what muscle adjusts the shape of the lens of the eye and the constrictorpupillae which decreases the size of the pupil?
ciliary muscles
cranial nerves
oculomotor: CN III
parasympathetics
what division ofthe oculomotor are they found? where do they travel to? what muscles are they going to?
parasympathetics of the oculomotor are on the inferior divison. they run toward the front of the eye to reach the sphincter (constrictor) pupillae and teh cilary muscle.
sooo….what are those muscles and what do they do?
cranial nerves
T or F
short ciliary n. are technically trigmenial nerve (CN V)?
True!
cranial nerves
CN III: oculomotor
parasympathetics
talk about the ciliary muscles
forms a ring around the lens of the eye. the lens is flexible translucent structure that is held flat by zonular fibesr taht extend from itsperiphery like springs on trampoline. the ciliar ymuscles pull sideways on zonular fibers, slackening them and allowing the lens t obulge int a sphere. –> this is beterforclose up vision.
the lens is a bag of jelly and the bag is tough enough to hold jelly in place .
ciliary muscle = slacken zonular fibers = lens becomes more spherical shape
cranial nerves
oculomotor CN III
parasympethics
talk about the constrictor pupillae
constrictor pupillae is a circular muscle of the iris (around the pupil). when it contracts, the pupls size is reduced –> restricting light to the retina
cranial nerves
oculomotor CN III - parasympathetics
the radial fibers of the iris are called dilator pupillae and are controlled by?
sympathetic fibers
cranial nerves
oculomotor CN III: parasympethics
where do the parasympathetic fibers of the oculomotor nerve synapse? where do the post synapticfibers travel?
synapse in the ciliary ganglion in the orbit
postsynaptic fibers travel in the short ciliary nerves to the back of the eyeball.
cranial nerves
CN IV - Trochlear nerve
Functions:
Foramina:
Pathway:
Function: purely somatoc motor to one muscle that moves the eye. superior oblique muscle
Foramina: superior orbital fissue (with occulomotor nerve)
Pathway: two parts joined at a pully (trochlea)
cranial nerves
abducens nerve- CN VI
Function:
Foramina:
Pathway:
Function: general motor to one muscle –> lateral rectus muscle
Foramina: superior orbital fissure (just like CN 3,4)
Pathway: pathway straightto lateral rectus muscles which abducts the eye
cranial nerves
vestibulocochlear nerve - CN VIII
Fuctions:
Foramina: Pathway:
Functions:
- special sensory - hearing and balance
- vestibular nerve (balance)
- cochlear nerve (hearing)
Foramina
- enters cranium via the internal acoustic meatus (stays there)
Pathways:
- vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve join together within petrous temporal bone
- pass through internal acoustin meatus
- brainstem
cranial nerves
Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
- functions
CN IX is rather complex and has a little bit of everything in it
Functions:
- general motor –> stylopharyngeus
- visceral motor –> parotid gland via otic ganglion
- general sensory –> posterior 1/3 tonuge, middle ear, oropharynx
- special sensory –> taste posterior 1/3 of tongue
- visceral sensory –> carotid body and sinus
cranial nerves
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
foramina
CN IX is rather complex and has a little bit of everything in it
foramina:
most exit the cranium via the jugular foramen
a branch of it leaves via the foramen ovale
cranial nerves
Glossopharyngeal CN IX
pathway:
- medulla oblongata
- jugular foramen (sensory ganglia)
- branches –> pharygneal plexus (sensory), singus nerve, tympanic nerve
- passes between superiro and middle pharygneal constrictor with stylopharygneus muscle
- wall of palatine tonsil bed
- posterior 1/3 of tongue (general and special sensory)
cranial nerves
Glossopharyngeal CN IX
branches:
pharyngeal plexus
- general sensory to pharynx posterior to oral cavity
Sinue Nerve
- visceral afferent (carotid body, O2 levels) (carotid sinus, pressure)
Tympanic nerve
- postganglionic PS and genreal sensory fibers
- middle ear
branches into tympanic plexus
gives rise to lesser petrosal nerve (preganglionic parasympathetics)
cranial nerves
a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve actually re-enters the cranium after leaving the jugular foramen and forms a plexus in the middle ear cavity. Thisi sthe tymapnic plexus. one nerve coalesces anteriorly from this plexus. what is that nerve? where is it destined to go?
lesser petrosal nerve
destined for parotid gland
cranial nerves
pressure in the ear felt when flying is reaching the brain via what cranial nerve branch?
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) from the tympanic branch
Cranial nerves
Glossopharygneal (CN IX)
parasympathetics
- preganglionic parasympathetic innervation in CN IX
- leave in tympanic nerve –> tympanic plexus –> lesser petrosal nerve
- pass throug hforamen ovale and synapse in otic ganglion
- post synaptic fibers joint auriculotemoral nerve to reach teh parotid gland
cranial nerves
draw the glossopharyngeal schematic
cranial nerves
vagus nerve (CN X)
functions
vagus nerve does a little bit of everything
General motor
- larygneal muscles
- pharyngeal muscles (minus stylopharygeus –which CN?)
- palatal muscles (except tensor veli palatini)
visceral motor
- preganglionic parasympathetics to mucosal galnds of larynx, pharynx, smooth muscle and glands in the thorax, abdomen
general sensory
- external acoustic meatus and part of tympanic membrane
larygneal mucosa
special sensory
- taste to epiglottis
visceral sensory
- thoracic and abdominal viscera
cranial nerves
vagus nerve CN X
foramina
leaves the cranuum via the jugular foramen
cranial nerves
vagus nerve CN X
pathway
- medulla oblongata
- jugular foramen
- branches to ear and pharygneal plexus
- enters carotid sheath w/ internal jugular vein and common carotid artery
- reaches base of neck/thorax
- gives off recurrent larygneal nerves
*continues down to diaphragm and abdomen from there
cranial nerves
vagus CN X
branches
- auricular branch
- pharyngeal branches
- superior larygneal nerve (internal, external branches)
recurrent larygneal nerves (left aorta, right subclavian a. )
cranial nerves
what nerve provides motor innervation for cricothyroid muscle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor?
vagus - external branch of the superior larygneal nerve
cranial nerves
break down the branches of the superior larygneal nerve (branch off vagus)
break down:
superior larygneal nerve
- internal branch –> sensory to larygneal mucosa above vocal fold
- external branch –> motor to cricothyroid muscle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor
cranial nerves
break down the branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch off of vagus)
where is it found?
what motor innervation does it provide?
recurrent larygneal nerve
- right side –> hooks around subclavian artery
- left side –> hooks around aorta
found in groove between esophagus and trachea
motor innervation to intrinsic laryngeal muscles and sensory innervation to larynx below vocal folds
cranial nerves
vagus nerve (CN C)
parasympathetics
preganglionic paraysmpathetic innervations are in vagus nerve
- ganglia in walls of organs (short postganglionics)
- mucosa of larynx
** covered in other lecturs - just know that the synapse occurs in the walls of organs and aides in mucus
cranial nerves
draw the vagus nerve schematic
cranial nerves
accessory nerve (CN XI)
functions:
foramina:
pathway:
sometimes called spinal accessory nerve bc it emerges out of the spinal cord
function: general motor to SCM and trapezius
foramina: foramen magnum as part of the spinal cord then re-enters the foramen magnum as a pair of nerves. then **leaves the cranium via the jugular foramen **
pathway: from jugular foramen travels down to innervate SCM, then** passes across the posterior triangle of the neck **to innervate trap
cranial nerves
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
functions
general motor to intrinsic tongue muscles
- vertical fibers
- horizontal fibers
- superior longitudinal
- inferior longitudinal
motor to extrinsic tongue (except palatoglossus –innervated by?)
- styloglossus
- genioglossus
-hyoglossus
cranial nerves
the palatoglossus muscle is innervated by?
vagus nerve
cranial nerves
hypoglossal CN XII
foramina
runs from the brainstem and traveres the hypoglossal canal to exit the cranium just above the foramen magnum
cranial nerves
hypoglossal (CN XII)
pathway
- arise from brainstem between olive and pyramids of medulla oblongata
- hypoglossal canal
between internal jugular and internal carotid - lateral surface of hypoglossus
- tongue muscles
cranial nerves
hypoglossal (CN XII)
in addition to its primary role in motor innervation to tongue muscles, the hypoglossal nerve coneys fibers from C1 to:
- ansa cervicalis (loop of nerves)
- thyrohyoid m.
- geniohyoid m.
C1 is hitching a ride on the hypoglossal nerve
cranial nerves
facial nerve (CN VII)
functions
general motor, sensory, special sensory, parasympathetics
this is a big mama!!
general motor:
- muscles of facial expression
-stapedius
- stylohyoid
- posterior belly of digastric
preganglionic parasympathetics for:
- lacrimal gland, palatal, nasal mucosa
- submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
general sensory
- small region of external ear
special sensory: TASTE
- anterior 2/3 of tongue
palate
cranial nerves
facial nerve CN VII
foramina
- internal acoustic meatus (with CN VIII)
- gives off branch inside the petrous part of the temproal bone –> main trunk exits via stylomastoid foramen to innervate muscels of facial expression
canial nerves
facial nerve (CN VII)
pathway
facial nerve in facial canal
- enters temporal bone via internal acoustic meatus
rusn through facial canal - encounters geniculate ganglion (location of sensory cell bodies)
cranial nerves
facial CN VII
pathway - branches
inside facial canal:
branches–> greater petrosal nerve, n. t otapedius, chorda tympani
- exits through stylomastoid foramen
- innervates stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric
- enters partoid gland and gives off motor branches to face
cranial nerves
facial nerve CN VII
facial - branches
Greater Petrosal Nerve
talk through the pathway of this nerve branch
- contains preganglionic parasympathetics and special sensory fibers
- facial n –> middle cranial fossa –> foramen lacerum (jointed by deep petrosal n. ) –> pterygoid canal –> pterygopalatien fossa –> pterygopalatine ganglion
- synapse of parasympathetic fibers
- postganglionic PS –> lacrimal gland, in V2 then V1 branches
- postganglionic PS –> palatal and nasal mucosal glands, in V2 branches
- taste fibers (no synapse) travel to palatal tast buds, in V2 branches
cranial nerves
facial nerves - branches:
in life what is the foramen lacerum filled with?
cartilage
cranial nerve
facial nerve - branches
the internal carotid artery passes right above what nerve?
greater petrosal nerve
cranial nerves
the sympathetics in the head are travelling on?
arteries
cranial nerves
facial nerve - branches
what nerve emerges from the internal carotid artery to joint the greater petrosal nerve?
deep petrosal nerve
cranial nerves
facial nerve - branches
chorda tympani joints what nerve?
lingual nerve (branch of V3)
cranial nerves
facial nerve - branches
chorda tympani
preganglionics
pathway
postganglonics
- taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
- preganglionic PS sto sublandibular ganglion, innervate submandibular andd sublingual salivary glands
- facial canal -> middle ear cavity -> petrotympanic fissure -> infratemporal fossa -> lingual nerve -> submandibular ganglion (synapse)
- postganglionic fibers go to sublingual and submandiublar salivary glands
cranial nerves
facial nerve branches
once the facial nerve travels by posterior auricular branch and hits the parotid gland it will branch out into 5 nerves, namely:
To Zanzibar By Motor Car
cranial nerves
Talk about bells palsy (facial palsy)
- damage to facial nerve
facial weakness/drooping - lower eyelid everted tears psill down face
- weak articulation of m/b/p sounds
- may have sensitivity to loud sounsd
- may lose tear production on affected side
if it occurs more proximally on the facial nerve (inside facial canal) there can be additional symptoms
cranial nerves
facial nerve
parasympathetics distributred in VII
two main routes
greater petrosal nerve
- preganglionic fibers synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion (postsynpatic fibers travel to the lacrimal gland and palatal and nasal mucosa)
chorda tympani
- preganglionic fibers synapse in the submandibular ganglion (postsynapticfibers travel to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands)
cranial nerves
facial nerve
what ganglion is the location of snesory cell bodies
geniculate ganglion
cranial nerves
draw the facial schematic
cranial nerves
draw second half of facial nerve schematic
cranial nerves
answer this questions in the picture
cranial nerves
nerve: III
branch for preganglionic pathway:
ganglion for synapse:
target structures:
branches of trigeminal carrying postganglionic fibers:
- parasympathetic root to the ciliary ganglion
- cilary (in orbit)
- smooth muscles in iris and ciliary body
- short ciliary nerves (V1)
cranial nerves
nerve: VII
branch for preganglionic pathway:
ganglion for synapse:
target structures:
branches of trigeminal carrying postganglionic fibers:
- greater petrosalnerve/nerve of the pterygoid canal, chorda tympani
- pterygopalatine, submandibular
- nasal and palatal muscosa and lacrimal gland, salivary galnds in the floor of mouth
- palatine and nasal nerves (V2), zygomatic n (V2)-> lacrimal nerve (v1), lingual n. (V3)
cranial nerves
nerve: IX
branch for preganglionic pathway:
ganglion for synapse:
target structures:
branches of trigeminal carrying postganglionic fibers:
- tympanic n/lesser petrosal n.
- otic ganglion
- parotid salivary gland
- auriculotemoral n. (v3)
cranial nerves
trigeminal:
Functions-
general sensory
general motor
visceral motor
remember entirely somatic in its function - both sensory and motor
General sensory:
- face
- nasal and oral cavities
- air sinues
- eyeball and orbit
- external ear (part)
general motor:
- muscles of mastication
- mylohyoid
- anterior belly of digastric
- tensor tympani
- tensor veli palatini
visceral motor:
- NO paraysympathetics leave the brain in V
- ALL parasympathetics in the head have postganglionic pathways involving V
cranial nerves
Trigeminal:
pathway
- beings on lateral surface of poins
- pierces dura in middle cranial fossa
- semilunar ganglion (trigeminal ganglion)–> location of sensory cell bodies
- divides into 3 divisions
1. ophthalmic V1- sensory
2. maxillary V2- sensory
3. mandibular V3 - sensory and motor
cranial nerves
trigeminal nerves
cranial nerves
trigeminal nerve - ophthalmic division V1 -
functions:
foramina:
pathway:
general sensory:
- dura
- forehead/anterior scalp
- medial part of nose
- mucosa of air sinuses and anterior nasal cavity
- eyeball and orbit
foramina:
- superior orbital fissure and supraorbital notch
pathway:
- sends off small recurrent branch to dura
- passes anteriorly through cavernous sinus
- uses superior orbital fissure to enter orbit
- three main branches
1. frontal
2. nasociliary
3. lacrimal
cranial nerves
ophthalmic division V1 - branches
frontal nerve:
two branches?
sensory to?
two branches
- supraorbital
- supratrochlear
sensory to:
- skin of forehead
- upper eyelid
- skin of nose
- mucosa of frontal sinus
cranial nerves
ophthalmic division V1 - branches
nasociliary nerve:
sensory to?
- eye
- conjunctiva
- ethmoid air cells
- dura
- skin and mucosa of nose
cranial nerves
ophthalmic division V1 - branches
lacrimal nerve
sensory to ?
also gives a ride to postsynaptic parasympathetics of what nerve?
sensory to:
- skin of lateral eyelid
- conjunctiva
- lacrimla gland area
postganglionic parasympathetics to lacrimal gland
- facial nerve runs the lacrimal nerve before it hitches a ride on the trigeminal
cranial nerves
what are the parasympatheticsd that join V1?
from ciliary ganglion (CN III)
- ciliary ganglion ->
- short ciliary nerves (V1) ->
- eye
from pterygopalatine ganglion (CN VII)
- synapses at pterygopalatine ganglion ->
- zygomatic nerve (V2) to reach orbit ->
- lacrimal nerve (V1) ->
- lacrimal gland
cranial nerves
maxillary division V2
functions:
general sensory:
- dura
- skin of midface
- nasal and palatal mucosa
- upper teeth
cranial nerves
maxillary division V2
foramina/spaces:
- foramen rotundum to exit the braincase
- some branches emerge into infratemporal fossa via the pterygopalatine fossa
- some branches use infraorbital foramen to get onto the face
- sphenoplaatine foramen to enter nasal cavity
- ## incisive canal and palatine foramina to get int ooral cavity (palate)
cranial nerves
maxillary division V2 - pathway
- from semilunar ganglion, uses foramen rotundum to enter pterygopalatine fossa
- encounter pterygopalatine ganglion
- branches
- passes throug hinferior orbital fissue and into the infraorbital canal
cranial nerves
maxillary division V2 -pathway
what are the 5 branches?
- greater and lesser palatine nerves
- nasopalatine nerve and other nasal branches
- post. superior alveolar nerve
- zygomatic n.
- pharyngeal n.
cranial nerves
maxillary division V2 -pathway
passes through inferior orbital fissure and into infraorbital canal
- ant. and mid. sup. alveolar nerves
- emerges through infra orbital foramen as infraorbital nerve
cranial nerves
maxillary division V2 - branches
sensory to mucosa of nose and palate
- also convey postganglionic parasympathetics from facial nerve and hitches a ride of V2 Branch
- nasopalatine nerve
- greater and lesser palatine nerves
infraorbital nerve
- sensory to midface
- gives off anterior and middle superior alveolar nerves while in the infraorbital canal
cranial nerves
parasympathetics distributed by V2
postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion joint branches of V2
- from lacrimal gland, reach the orbit via the zygomatic nerve the njoin lacrimal nerve V1
- for nasal and palatal mucosal glands they distribute with branches of V2 going to those areas
cranial nerves
mandibular division V2 -functions
general sensory:
general motor:
general sensory:
- dura
- lower teeth
- anterior 2/3 of tongue
- chin and sides of face, part of external ear
- mucosa of cheek
general motor:
- muscles of mastication
- mylohyoid
- anterior belly of digastric
- temsor tympani
- tensor veli palatini
cranial nerves
mandibular division V2 - foramina
foramen ovale
cranial nerves
mandibular division V2 - foramina
after exiting the braincase
V3 is in the intratemporal fossa which is between the pterygoid plate/upper teeth and teh medial side of the madnible/lower teeth.
part of V3 enters a canal in the mandible (to innervate the lower teeth) and a branch of it exits onto the face via the mental foramen .
cranial nerves
mandibular division V3 - pathway
- from semilunar ganglion, uses foramen ovale to enter infratemporal fossa
branches
- lingual nerve
- auriculotemporal nerve
- inferior alveolar nerve –> mental nerve
muscular branches
- temporal
- pterygoid
- masseteric
cranial nerves
the main branches of mandibular divsion V3 innervate?
chewing muscles
cranial nerves
a branch of which cranial nerve hitches a ride on the auriculotemporal nerve and is the parasympethic pathway to saliva from parotid gland?
glossopharygneal nerve
cranial nerves
mandibular division V3 - branches
auriculotemporal nerve
sensory to sides of face, part of ear
carries postganglionic fibers from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland
cranial nerves
mandibular division V3 -branches
lingual nerve
- sensory (taste) to anterior 2/3 of tongue
- jointed by chorda tympani from VII with preganglionic paraysmpethtics and special sensory (taste) fibers
cranial nerves
where does the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands synapse?
in the submandibular ganglion
cranial nerves
mandibular division V3 - branches
inferior alveolar nerve
- sensory to lower teeth
- emerges on face as mental nerve to skin of lower lip and chin
- nerve to mylohyoid runs next to inferior alveolar nerve and innervates anterior belly of digastric
- enters mandibular foramen exits mental foramen as mental nerve.
cranial nerves
mandibular division V3 - branches
motor branches to?
- muscles of mastication
- temporalis
- masseter
- lateral pterygoid
- medial pterygoid
other muscles also innervated by V3:
- tensor tympani
- tensor veli palatini
- mylohyoid
- anterior belly of digastric
cranial nerves
parasympathetics distributed by V3
- postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the submandibular ganglion rejion lingual nerve for the submandibular and sublingual salivary galnd (preganglionic in VII)
- postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion join auriculotemporal nerve for the parotid galnd (preganglionic in IX)
