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Anatomy 2 > knee-foot > Flashcards

knee-foot Flashcards

exam 2 (87 cards)

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1
Q

muscles

name the muscles involved

A
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2
Q

joints - all the details

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3
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ligaments

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4
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ligaments

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14
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15
Q

joints of lower limb: knee

what bones create the ankle joint -talocural

A

tibia, fibula, talus

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16
Q

knee joint

what 3 stabilities is the knee joint made for?

A
  • bony stability
  • muscualr stability
  • ligamentous stability
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17
Q

what are the 3 bones participating in the knee?

A
  • femur
  • tibia
  • patella

only 2 of these are bones technically

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18
Q

how many points of articulation are in the knee? what are they?

A

3 points of articulation
- femur and tibia (medial/lateral) condyles
- femur (patellar surface)
- patella (medial/lateral articular surfaces)

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19
Q

osteology

what shape is the patella?
what kind of bone is the patella?
what is the patella an important insertion point for?

A
  • relatively heart shaped
  • sesamoid bone
  • importatn insertion for ligaments
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20
Q

soft tissue also supports the knee - what 2 types of ligaments?

A
  • intra-articular
  • extra-capsular
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21
Q

what is the primary action of patella?

A

flexion/extension

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22
Q

how many facets of patella? how many are paired? how many are singular?

A

7 facets (relative to action)
- 6 paired facets (medial/lateral)
- 1 unpaired (mostly medial)

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23
Q

Where is the Q angle drawn between?

A

drawn between os coxa (ASIS) and mid patella
tibia (tibial tuberosity) and mid patella

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24
Q

What are the three major joints of the lower limb?

A

Knee, Hip, Ankle (Talocrural)

The knee involves the patella, unlike the upper limb joints.

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25
What bones make up the knee joint?
Femur, Tibia, Patella ## Footnote The points of articulation are medial/lateral femorotibial and femoropatellar.
26
What is the primary function of the knee joint?
Stability and mobility
27
What types of stability does the knee joint have?
* Bony Stability * Muscular Stability * Ligamentous Stability
28
What is the screw-home mechanism in the knee?
The knee locks in position as the size of the femoral condyles relative to the tibial plateau causes medial condyle to move further than the lateral condyle during full extension.
29
What are the primary actions of the knee joint?
Flexion & Extension
30
True or False: The knee joint is classified as a hinge joint.
True
31
What are the two types of ligaments in the knee joint?
* Intra-articular * Extra-capsular
32
What is the role of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
Limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles on tibia during flexion and prevents posterior displacement of femur.
33
What is the role of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)?
Limits anterior rolling and prevents anterior displacement of femur and hyperflexion.
34
What is the Q-angle?
Measurement between ASIS to mid-patella & mid-patella to tibial tuberosity.
35
What is the function of the menisci in the knee?
Shock absorption and covering articular surfaces of the tibia.
36
What are the two types of menisci?
* Medial Meniscus * Lateral Meniscus
37
What is the role of bursae in the knee?
Reduce friction and allow easy movement.
38
Fill in the blank: The lateral collateral ligament (LCL) connects the femur to the _______.
Fibula
39
Which ligament is attached to the medial meniscus?
Tibial collateral ligament (MCL)
40
What is the primary arterial supply to the knee joint?
Genicular branches of the femoral and popliteal arteries.
41
What are the main movements at the talocrural joint?
* Dorsiflexion * Plantarflexion * Weak inversion/eversion
42
What are the components of the talocrural joint?
Distal tibia, distal fibula, superior talus
43
What ligaments reinforce the talocrural joint?
* Lateral ligaments * Medial ligaments (Deltoid ligament)
44
What is the purpose of the deltoid ligament?
Resist eversion and stabilize the joint.
45
What is the anatomical definition of the subtalar joint?
Synovial joint between convex (talus) and concave (calcaneus) articular surfaces.
46
Which muscle helps unlock the extended knee?
Popliteus
47
What is the classification of the distal tibiofibular joint?
Fibrous joint (syndesmosis)
48
True or False: The medial meniscus is more mobile than the lateral meniscus.
False
49
What is the shape of the medial meniscus?
C-shaped
50
What is the clinical significance of the Q-angle?
Used to determine abnormalities like genu varum and genu valgum.
51
What type of joint is the superior tibiofibular joint?
Synovial joint
52
What are the three facets of the subtalar joint?
* Anterior * Middle * Posterior
53
What is the anatomical classification of the talocalcaneal part of the talocalcaneonavicular joint?
Plane joint ## Footnote This joint allows for inversion and eversion of the foot around a longitudinal (oblique) axis.
54
What movements does the transverse tarsal joint allow?
Inversion, eversion, ABDuction, ADDuction ## Footnote The transverse tarsal joint separates the hindfoot from the midfoot.
55
What are the three facets of the calcaneus?
Anterior, middle, posterior ## Footnote These facets articulate with the talus and contribute to the joint's function.
56
What ligaments support the capsule of the talocalcaneal joint?
Medial, lateral, posterior ligaments, interosseous ligament ## Footnote The interosseous ligament is located in the tarsal sinus (sinus tarsi).
57
What is the innervation of the talocalcaneal joint?
Plantar nn., Deep fibular n. ## Footnote This innervation reflects the plantar versus dorsal aspects of the foot.
58
What is the arterial supply for the talocalcaneal joint?
Posterior tibial & fibular aa. ## Footnote These arteries provide blood supply to the region.
59
What type of joint is the talonavicular joint?
Ball and socket (partial) ## Footnote This joint allows for gliding and rotary movements.
60
What joints comprise the transverse tarsal joint?
Talonavicular joint, Calcaneocuboid joint ## Footnote These two joints work together as a compound joint.
61
What is the clinical significance of the transverse tarsal joint?
Amputation of foot happens along the transverse tarsal joint ## Footnote This indicates the importance of this joint in surgical procedures.
62
What is the functional classification of the calcaneocuboid joint?
Plane joint ## Footnote It allows for inversion, eversion, and circumduction of the foot.
63
What is the movement associated with the cuneonavicular joint?
Little/no movement ## Footnote This joint connects the cuneiforms and navicular.
64
What type of joint is the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint?
Condyloid joint ## Footnote It allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.
65
What is the main movement facilitated by interphalangeal (IP) joints?
Flexion, extension of digits ## Footnote These joints are hinge joints located between the phalanges.
66
What is the arterial supply for the interphalangeal joints?
Plantar arch ## Footnote This supply is crucial for the function of the digits.
67
What is the shared innervation for MTP and IP joints?
Digital nn. ## Footnote This reflects the nerve supply to the toes.
68
What is the unique feature of the intermetatarsal (IM) joint?
Little/no movement ## Footnote This joint connects the metatarsal heads and is classified as a condyloid joint.
69
What is the arterial supply for the tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint?
Shared with Intertarsal joints ## Footnote This reflects the interconnected blood supply of the joints in the foot.
70
# innervation list some innervations of the knee joint
71
what ligaments are considered intra-articular
cruciate (ACL, PCL)
72
what ligaments are considered extra-capsular
patellar, medial/lateral patellar retinacula, collateral ligaments (LCL/FCL, MCL/TCL, plbique, arcuate)
73
what ligament is considered relatively weak and has poor blood supply?
anterior cruciate ligament
74
what injury can occur to the PCL that we did not cover in class but is important to familiarize with?
dashboard injury ## Footnote the knee is bend and forcefully hit by an object - such as a dashboard in a car crash
75
the collateral ligaments are tense during what motion? and slack during what motion?
tense during knee extension slack during flexion
76
what muscle is split by the FCL?
biceps femoris ## Footnote fcl = fibular collateral ligament
77
when the medial meniscus is torn what ligament can also get damaged?
tibial collateral ligametn (TCL) or medial collateral ligmament (MCL)
78
what ligament strengths the joint capsule of the knee?
arcuate popliteal ligament - fibula (head, posterior) over tendon of popliteus m. across posterior aspect
79
what is the anterior component of the menisci called?
horn
80
what is the clinical use of Q angle?
used to determine abnormalities - genu varum (bowlegged-ness) Q angle is smaller than normal - genu valgum (knock-kneed). Q-angle is larger than normal
81
what is the Q angle of female? for male?
female: closer to 16° male: closer to 11°
82
genu varum (bowlegged) stresses what ligament?
fibular collateral (FCL)
83
genu valgum (knock-kneed) stresses what ligament
tibial collateral ligament (TCL)
84
what are the 8 bursae of the knee joint?
- suprapatellar burse - popliteus brusa - anserine bursa - gastrocnemius bursa - semimembranosus bura - subcutaneous prepatellar bursa - subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa - deep infrapatellar bursa
85
what is the purpose of the medial ligaments/deltoid ligament?
resist eversion - strong stabilizer of joint, helps minimize dislocation
86
what is the anatomical and clinical definition of the subtalar joint?
anatomical: synovial joint between convex (talus) and concave (calcaneus) rticular sufaces clinical: anatomical joint and talocalcaneal parto f talocalcaneonavicular joint
87
what kind of joint is the tarsometatarsal (TMT)?
plane joint gliding

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