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Anatomy 2 > os coxa, femur, anterior, medial, gluteal region > Flashcards

os coxa, femur, anterior, medial, gluteal region Flashcards

1
Q

os coxa

what are the ligaments of the os coxa

5 of them (think about their locations)

A

posterior sacro-iliac ligaments
sacrotuberous ligament
iliolumbar ligament
anterior sacro-iliac ligaments
sacrospinous ligament

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2
Q

what is the role of os coxa ligaments?

A

stabilize pelvis and resist movement

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3
Q

what nerver runs through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

pudendal nerve

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4
Q

what nerve runs through the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?

A

sciatic nerve

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5
Q

os coxa ligaments

where does the iliolumbar ligament originte and attach?

A

5th lumbar vertebrae to ilium

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6
Q

what are the muscles of the thigh (L-M)

(L) Taylor Swift Is Pretty Alight I Guess (M)

not inlcuding quads

A

Tensor facia latae, Sartorius, Iliopsoas, pectineus, Adductor longus, Gracilis

(L) Taylor Swift Is Pretty Alight I Guess (M)

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7
Q

helpful tidbits

What landmark can you use to find pectinus muscle?

A

inguinal ligament

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8
Q

ligaments of thigh

what is a good way to think about naming ligaments?

A

named after their location 1 to their location 2

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9
Q

adductors

What are the 3 adductor muscles?

superficial to deep

A

(superficial) adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus (deep)

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10
Q

What make up the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

inguinal ligament, adductor longus, sartorius

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11
Q

What are the contents located in the femoral triangle?

NAVeL

A

femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, empty space, Lympathic vessels

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12
Q

adductor canal is composed of what structures?

A

saphenous nerve, femoral vein, femoral artery

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13
Q

What muscles surround the adductor canal?

A

vastus medialis, sartorius (subsartorial fascia), adductor longus

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14
Q

Where does the femoral artery and vein run out through? what do they turn into?

A

adductor hiatus - they turn into popliteal artery and vein

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15
Q

what muscles does the obturator nerve innervate? anterior branch and posterior branch

A

anterior: add long, add brevis, graciliis
posterior: adductor magnus, obturator externus

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16
Q

what muscles does the femoral nerve innervate? all branches

Queens hardly get time to SIP coffee

A

Anterior division:
-Sartorius
-iliacus
-pectineus
posterior division (Quadriceps femoris):
- rectus femoris
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius
- vastus lateralis

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17
Q

when femoral nerve becomes saphenous nerve what does it then innervate?

A

cutaneous innervation of skin around calf

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18
Q

what muscles make up the hip flexors?

A

sartorius, iliopsoas (strongest), pectineus, rectus femoris

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19
Q

what is the function of sartorius muscle?

A
  • flex, abduct, laterally rotate thigh at hip joint
  • flexes leg at knee joint
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20
Q

what is the function of iliopsoas muscle?

A
  • flex thigh at hip joint
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21
Q

what is the function of pectineus muscle?

A
  • flex and adduct thight at hip joint

may also
- medial rotation of thigh (when in extension and adduction)
- lateral rotation (when flex and abduction) of thigh

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22
Q

what is the function of rectus femoris?

A
  • flex thigh at hip joint
  • extend leg at knee joint

all quads femoris extend leg at knee joint

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23
Q

what is the function of adductor magnus (adductor portion, hamstring portion)

A

adductor portion: flex thigh
hamstring protion: extend thigh

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24
Q

What is the function of gracilis?

A
  • adducts thigh
  • flexes leg at knee joint (inserts on pes ancerinus)
  • medial rotation of leg
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25
Q

what is the function of tensor fascia latae?

  • one is not that intuitive
A
  • abduct the leg
  • medially rotate thigh
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26
Q

what is the function of obturator externus?

A

laterally rotate thigh

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27
Q

iliopsoas receives blood supply from?

multiple arteries

A

external iliac, iliolumbar, femoral and obturator AA.

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28
Q

what arteries supply pectineus m?

2 arteries

A

medial femoral circumflex and obturator AA.

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29
Q

what artery supplies sartorius m?

A

femoral artery

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30
Q

what arteries supply tensor fascia latae?

2 arteries

A
  • lateral circumflex femoral a.
  • superior gluteal a.
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31
Q

what arteries supply the obturator externus?

2 arteries

A
  • obturator and medial circumflex femoral aa.
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32
Q

what arteries supply the rectus femoris?

3

A
  • femoral
  • deep femoral and or lateral circumflex femoral aa
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33
Q

what arteries supply the vastus lateralis?

2 arteries

A
  • lateral circumflex femoral
  • deep femoral aa
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34
Q

what artery supply the vastus intermedius?

A

deep femoral artery

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35
Q

what arteries supply the vastus medialis?

3 arteries

A
  • femoral
  • deep femoral
  • descending genicular aa
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36
Q

what arteries supply the adductor longus?

2

A
  • deep femoral and medial circumflex femoral aa.
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37
Q

what artery supplies the adductor brevis?

A
  • deep femoral artery
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38
Q

what artery supplies the gracilis?

A
  • deep femoral a
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39
Q

list the arteries coming off of common iliac artery?

draw if needed

A
  • common iliac a
  • iliolumbar a
  • internal iliac a
  • obturator a
  • external iliac a
  • lateral circumflex femoral a
  • medial circumflex femoral a
  • femoral a
  • deep femoral a
  • descending genicular
  • popliteal a
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40
Q

the anterior compartment of the thigh is innervated by what nerve

A

femoral nerve (L2,3,4)

  • special case iliopsoas - receives from anterior rami of lumbar spinal nerves
  • tensor fascia latae - receives from superior gluteal n
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41
Q

the medial compartment of the thigh is innervated by what nerve?

A

obturator N (L,2,3,4)

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42
Q

the except of innervation of anterior compartment is iliopsoas and tensor fascia latae. What are they innervated by?

A
  • iliopsoas is anterior rami of spinal nerves
  • TFL is superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
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43
Q

how many ossification centers are located on the femur?

A

5

44
Q
A
45
Q
A
46
Q

what is the relevance of the femur shaft being angled medially?

A

balance

47
Q

what 2 landmarks creates the angle of inclination of the femur?

A

long axis of shaft and long axis of head

48
Q

the femoral sheath has the femoral canal which is made of what contents?

A

lymph (nothing-no vasculature)

the femoral sheath has 3 compartments from lateral to medial
femoral artery, femoral vein, lymph

49
Q
A
50
Q

muscles

what are the 3 compartments of the thigh muscles?

A

anterior (extensor)
medial (adductor)
posterior (flexor)

51
Q

the posterior compartment of the thigh is innervated by what nerve?

A

sciatic nerve

52
Q

muscle attachments

what is the insertion site for quadriceps femoris (extensor of knee)

A

insert on patella, tibia

*innervated by femoral nerve

53
Q

attachment sites of muscles

A
54
Q

what are the different sections of the sciatic nerve?

A
  • common fibular nerve
  • tibial nerve
55
Q

innervation- nerves

what is the anterior (extensor) compartment of thigh innervated by?

A

femoral n.

56
Q

nerves

what is the medial (adductor) compartment of thigh innervated by?

A

obturator n.

57
Q

nerves

what is the posterior (flexor) compartment of thigh innervated by?

A

sciatic n.

58
Q

muscles: medial thigh

adductors of the hip orignate where? insert where?

A

orignate on os coxa (mostly pubis)
insert on femur

59
Q

muscles medial thigh

what are the muscles of the medial thigh

A

adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, obturator externus

60
Q

adductor brevis attachments and action

more than 1 action

A

origin: pubis (body and inferiro ramus)
insertion: femure (pectineal line, linea aspera)
action: adduction and some extension/flexion of hip

61
Q

adductor longus attachments and action

1 action

A

origin: pubis (body)
insertion: femur (mid 1/3 of linea aspera)
action: adduction of hip

62
Q

adductor magnus -2 portions. attachements, action, innervation

A

adductor part, hamstring part

adductor part:
origin- pubis (inferiro ramus) and ischium (inferior ramus)
inserstion: femur (gluteal tuberostiy, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
innervation: obturator n
action: adduction of hip, flexion of hip

hamstring part:
origin: ischuim (ischial tuberosity)
insertion: femur (adductor tubercle)
innervation: sciatic nerve (tibial portion)
action: adductor of hip, extension of hip

63
Q

gracilis muscle O,I,N,A

more than 1 action

A

origin: pubis (body and inferior ramus)
insertion: tibia
innervation: obturator n
action: adduction of hip; flexion and media lrotation of knee

64
Q

obturator externus O,I,N,A

A

origin: external obturator foramen and membrane
insertion: femur (trochanteric fossa)
innervation: obturator nerve
action: lateral rotation, stabilization of hip

65
Q

describe location of adductor canal (aka subsartorial or hunter canal)

A
  • inferior to apex of femoral triangle
  • heads toward aDDuctor hiatus
66
Q

.what are the boundaries of the adductor canal. What are the contents

A

anteriroly and laterally: vastus medialis m
posteriorly: adductor longus and magnuss mm
medially: sartorius m.
contents: femroa a and v, saphenous n.

67
Q

describe the obturator canal and nerve

A

covered by obturator memebrane
- oval/triangular
- covers obturator foramen: bound of pubic and ischial rami
- superior opening: obturator canal - tends to be more medial and or superior
- obturator a and n pass through

68
Q

the obturator n at the medial thigh splits into what two branches relative to adductor brevis m?

A

anterior and posterior branches (one goes in front of brevis one goes behind brevis)

69
Q

what landmark is used to find femoral artery

A

inguinal ligament - from external iliac artery

70
Q

muscles gluteal region

abductor and lateral rotators of the hip orgin and insertion

A

originate on os coxa
insert on femur

*a few exception

71
Q

muscles - gluteal region

what is the superficial layer of muscles in gluteal region?

A
  • gluteus maximus, medius, minimus mm
  • tensor facia latae (TFL
72
Q

muscles - gluteal region

what is the deep layer of musles in gluteal region

A
  • piriformis m
  • obturator internus m
  • superior and inferior gemelli mm
  • quadratus femoris m
73
Q

gluteal region

gluteus maximus O,I,N,A

A

origin: os coxa (ilium), sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
insertion: IT band (into lateral condule of tibia), femur (gluteal tuberosity)
innervation: inferior gluteal n
action: extension of hip; assists in lateral rotaiton, rising from sitting position

*only gluteal muscle (out of the 3) innervted by inferior gluteal n

74
Q

gluteal region

gluteus medius O,I,N,A

A

deep to maximus superficial to minimus
origin: os coxa (ilium)
insertion: femure (greater trochanter)
innervation: superiro gluteal n
action: ABduction and medial rotation of hip

75
Q

gluteal region

gluteus minimus m O,I,N,A

A

origin: os coxa (ilium)
insertion: femur (greater trochanter)
innervation: superior gluteal n
action: ABduction and media lrotaiton of hip

76
Q

gluteal region

TFL muscle O,I,N,A

A

origin:os coxa (ASIS; iliac crest)
insesrstion: IT band
innervation: superior gluteal n
action: aBduction and medial rotation of hip

77
Q

Arteries of anterior thigh

Do Princesses Sew Sweet Superhero Dresses?

A

Descending genicular artery
Profunda femoris rtery
Superficial epigastric
Superficial circumflex iliac
Superficial External Pudendal Deep external pudendal arteries

78
Q

through which structure does the superior gluteal artery exit the pelvis?

A

greater sciatic foramen (superior to piriformis muscle)

79
Q

what muscles are supplied by the deep branch of the superior gluteal artery?

A

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, TFL muscles

80
Q

which artery supplies the gluteus maximus, obturator internus adn quadratus femoris muscles?

A

inferior gluteal artery

81
Q

what percentage of the population has the tibial enrve passing through the piriformis muscle?

A

12%

0.5% have it running on top of the piriformis

82
Q

what is the innervation of the gluteus maximus muscle?

A

inferior gluteal nerve

83
Q

name the origins of the gluteus maximus muscle

A

os coxa (ilium), sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

84
Q

what is teh insertion of the piriformis muscle?

A

femur (greater trochanter)

85
Q

what nerve innervates the superior gemellus muscle?

A

nerve to obturator internus

86
Q

what bursae is present at birth?

A

trochanteric bursa

87
Q

describe the anatomical course of the femoral artery in the thigh

A

through femoral triangle -> adductor canal -> ends at adductor hiatus in the posterior knee where it becomes the popliteal artery

88
Q

which artery branches from the internal iliac artery and supplies the medial thigh?

A

obturator artery

89
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the obutartor internus muscle?

A

O: internal surface of the obturator foramen and membrane
I: femur (trochanteric fossa)

90
Q

what nerve innervates teh quadratus femoris muscle?

A

n to quadratus femoris

91
Q

Which artery passes through the lesser sciatic foramen into the perineum but does not supply the gluteal region?

A

internal pudendal artery

92
Q

which nerve runs laterally between teh gluteus medius and minimus muscles?

A

superior gluteal nerve

93
Q

what is the origin of the inferior gemellus muscle?

A

ischial tuberosity of the os coxa

94
Q

Which muscle originates on the ischial spine and is innervated by the nerve to obturator internus?

A

superior gemellus muscle

95
Q

name the artery that passes posteriorly on the medial aspect of the femur, supplying the thigh via its branches?

A

deep artery of the thigh (profunda femoris artery)

96
Q

What is the course of the nerve to obturator internus?

A

through the greater sciatic foramen -> around the ischial spine -> through less sciatic foramen

97
Q

Which deep gluteal muscle has a square shape and inserts on the quadrate tubercle of the femur?

A

quadratus femoris muscle

98
Q

label this entire cross section

A
99
Q

which artery anastomoses with both the superior gluteal and medial circumflex femoral arteries?

A

inferior gluteal artery

100
Q

what is the relationship of the inferior gluteal artery to the sciatic nerve as it passes inferior to the piriformis?

A

the inferior gluteal artery passes medial to the sciatic nerve

101
Q

name the lower limb dermatomes

A
102
Q

what structures can be found in the medial compartment, intermediate compartmen of the femoral sheath?

A

medial: lymph, fat
intermediate: femoral v.

103
Q

What is fascia lata?

A

strong fascial sheath which envelops the thigh like a sleeve

104
Q

fascia lata

which septa is strongest?

A

lateral - goes to TFL

105
Q

cross sections

label

A
  1. gluteus maximus
  2. gluteus medius
  3. gluteus minimus
  4. piriformis
106
Q

cross sections

label

A
  1. femur
  2. linea aspera
  3. rectus femoris
  4. vastus intermedius
  5. sartorius
  6. gracilis
  7. adductor magnus
  8. vastus medialis
  9. vastus lateralis

Anatomy 2 (5 decks)

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