foot ankle Flashcards
exam 2
what muscle helps maintain the shape of the foot by pulling on both longitudinal and transverse arch of the foot
adductor hallucis
What is the primary function of the foot?
Locomotion (primarily propulsion) and accommodation (shock absorption)
Accommodation is largely blunted with footwear.
How many bones and joints are in the foot?
26 bones and 30+ joints
What are the three portions of the foot?
- Hindfoot
- Midfoot
- Forefoot
Name the biggest joints of the foot.
- Talocrural
- Subtalar
- Transverse Tarsal
What is the purpose of the arches of the foot?
Support weight distribution between weight-bearing portions of the foot
What are the three arches of the foot?
- Medial longitudinal arch
- Lateral longitudinal arch
- Transverse arch
What type of support do the arches of the foot have?
Dynamic and passive support
What is the role of the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament?
Brace talus, assist in weight transfer, maintain longitudinal arch of foot
What are the major ligaments of the foot?
- Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
- Long plantar ligament
- Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament
What are the two groups of muscles in the foot?
- Muscles of the sole (plantar surface)
- Muscles of the dorsum (dorsal surface)
What is the innervation of the muscles on the sole of the foot?
Plantar nerves
What is the innervation of the muscles on the dorsum of the foot?
Deep fibular nerve
How many layers are there in the muscles of the sole?
4 layers
What is the action of the abductor hallucis muscle?
Abduction of digit 1/hallux at MTP & IP joints
Fill in the blank: The big toe is also known as the _______.
HALLUX
What are the two types of arch support?
- Dynamic support
- Passive support
What is the clinical condition characterized by inflammation of the plantar fascia?
Plantar fasciitis
What is the primary arterial supply to the foot?
- Dorsalis pedis
- Medial plantar artery
- Lateral plantar artery
What are the nerve innervations of the dorsal surface of the foot?
- Saphenous
- Superficial & Deep fibular nerves
- Sural nerve
What are the five compartments of the foot?
- Medial compartment
- Central compartment
- Lateral compartment
- Interosseous compartment
- Dorsal compartment
What is the function of the quadratus plantae muscle?
Assists flexor digitorum longus muscle in flexion of digits 2-5
True or False: The lateral longitudinal arch is higher than the medial longitudinal arch.
False
What is the action of the plantar interossei muscles?
Adduction & flexion of digits 3-5 at MTP joints
What is the origin of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle?
Calcaneus (floor of Sinus tali), interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, & extensor retinaculum
What is the innervation of the flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle?
Lateral plantar nerve (superficial branch) (S1-S3)
What are the actions of the dorsal interossei muscles?
Abduction and flexion of digits 2-4 at MTP joints
What do the dorsal metatarsal arteries connect to?
Plantar arch
How many dorsal digital arteries does each branch of the dorsal metatarsal arteries divide into?
2
What is the dorsal plantar artery a branch of?
Posterior tibial artery
Where does the dorsal plantar artery travel?
Deep to tarsal tunnel
What are the branches of the dorsal plantar artery?
- Medial plantar artery
- Lateral plantar artery
How does the medial plantar artery compare in size?
Comparatively small
What does the medial plantar artery supply?
Muscles of hallux
What structure does the medial plantar artery sometimes form?
Superficial plantar arch
With which nerve does the lateral plantar artery travel?
Deep plantar nerve
In which direction does the lateral plantar artery run?
Lateral to medial
What does the lateral plantar artery form?
Deep plantar arch
How many plantar metatarsal arteries does the lateral plantar artery have?
4
What do each branch of the plantar metatarsal arteries divide into?
Plantar digital arteries
