ear and larynx Flashcards
week 14
what are the three basic functions of the larynx
- protect airway
- generate intra-thoracic pressure
- sound production (phonation)
between the vocal fold and the vestibular fold is a pocket called?
ventricle
cricothyroid joint
- rotes about what axis?
- slides in what direction?
- adjusts tension of the?
- rotates about horizontal (mediolateral) axis
- ant-post sliding
- adjusts tension on the vocal folds
what is the movement of the cricoarytenoid joint?
what direction does it slide? rotate?
abduction and adduction of vocal fold
- sliding/rocking ant-post, and med-lat
- rotatea bout vertical axis
what is the main nerve of the larynx
vagus nerve (CN X)
broken down into branches:
- superior laryngeal nerve: internal branch, external branch
- recurrent/inferior larygneal nerve
What are the unpaired cartilages of the larynx?
thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis
What is the paired cartilage of the larynx?
arytenoid
what are the two processes of the arytenoid cartilages?
What are they each an anchor for?
a vocal process and a musclar process
- vocal process is an anchor for the vocal ligament (“cord”)
- the muscular porcess is an anchor for muscles that move the arytenoid
What structure protects the vocal folds from aspireated food and drink?
vestibular fold (false vocal fold)
What are the adductors of the vocal fold? what are their origins and insertions?
- oblique and transverse arytenoid msucles
- origin: one arytenoid insertion: other arytenoid
- the oblique muscel has a few fibers that continue into aryepiglottic fold
- lateral cricoarytenoid
What is the role of the adductor muscle ofthe vocal fold: lateral cricoarytenoid ?
pulls on the muscualr process from antieroly, rotating the arytenoids around a vertical axis = thereby adducting the vocal ligaments
What is the abductor of the vocal ligaments (folds)?
what is the origin? insertion?
posterio cricarytenoid muscle
origin: lamina of cricoid
insertion: muscular process of arytenoid
What is the action of the posterior cricoarytenoid?
pulls the muscular processes toward the midline and spread aprat the vocal ligaments
- point of vulnerability in humans, if paralyzed will be very challenging for us to live
What are the adjustors of the vocal ligaments (folds)?
- Cricoarytenoid
- thyroartenoid
- vocalis
what is the role of the thryoarytenoid msucle?
slackens the vocal ligament
What is the role of the vocalis muscle?
tighten specific segments of the vocal ligaments for very precise ptich control
What is the
origin: posterior surface of thyroid cartilage
insertion: musuclar processs of arytenoid cartilage
action: shortens and relaxes vocal ligaments - lowering pitch by reducing tension
of thyroartenoid muscle?
origin: posterior surface of thyroid cartilage
insertion: musuclar processs of arytenoid cartilage
action: shortens and relaxes vocal ligaments - lowering pitch by reducing tension
Vocalis (superomedial part of thyroarytenoid)
origin:
insertion:
action:
origin: thyroid cartilage in midline
insertion: vocal ligament near vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
action: local adjustment of vocal ligament, changes shape of folds (thickness and tension)
What are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx? and their roles?
- suprahyoid: generally raise the larynx
- infrahyoid: generally lower the larynx
used in swallowing and to stabilize the hyoid so the tongue can move in speech
the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is purely ?
sensory
the external branch of the superior larygneal nerve is motor innervation to what muscles?
- cricothyroid muscle
- inferior pharyngeal constrictor