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Anatomy 2 > posterior thigh and hip joint - start of exam 2 > Flashcards

posterior thigh and hip joint - start of exam 2 Flashcards

OBJECTIVES: - describe boney landmarks of tibia and fibula - Describe the surface anatomy of the posterior thigh - Identify the muscles of the posterior thigh - Name the movements of the posterior thigh - Name the nerves innervating the posterior thigh & describe their path - Name the origins and insertions of the posterior thigh - Identify and describe the arteries of the posterior thigh - Define the boundaries and contents of the popliteal fossa - Identify the deep muscles of the popliteal fo

1
Q

osteology

A
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2
Q

grossly what motions does the posterior thigh muscles do?

A

flexors of the knee extensors of the hip

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3
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O,I, INN grossly of posterior thigh muscles

A

orignates on ischial tuberosity
insert of tibia or fibula
innervated by divdisions of sciatic n.

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4
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What are the hamstring muscle names? which muscle is the outlier?

A

semitendinosus m., semimembranosus m., biceps femoris m. (long head)

outlier: biceps femoris m. (short head)

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21
Q

Which muscles are the flexors acting at the hip joint?

9

A
  • iliopsoas
  • sartorius
  • tensor fasciae latae
  • rectus femoris (tendon)
  • pectineus
  • adductor longus
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor magnus -anterior part
  • gracilis
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22
Q

adductors muscles acting at hip joint

A
  • pectineus
  • adductor longus
  • adductor revis
  • adductor magnus
  • obturator externus
  • gracilis
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23
Q

lateral rotator muscles acting at hip joint

6 of them (think posterior lateral side)

A
  • obturator externus /internus
  • piriformis
  • gemelli
  • quadratus femoris
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus medius and minimus
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24
Q

extensor muscles acting at hip joint

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • hamstrings:
    -semitendinosus
    semimembranosus
    long head, biceps femoris
    adductor magnus- hamstring part
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25
abductor muscles acting at hip joint
gluteus medius gluteus minimus tensor fasciae latae
26
medial rotator muscles acting at hip joint
- glutues medius anterior part - gluteus minimus anterior part - TFL
27
what are the 3 hamstring muscles? where do they originate?
semitendinosus, semimembranosus, bicceps femoris (long head) all originating from ischial tuberosity
28
what is the "screw-home mechanism" of the knee?
- in full extension, the femur rotates medially about 10° to lock. the knee in place, allowing less muscle activation during standing
29
waht are the actions of the hamstring muscles?
hip extension knee flexion rotation (medial by ST and SM) (lateral by biceps femoris)
30
what is pes anserinus? what is its function?
a conjoint tendon of the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus muscle sthat stabilizes the medial knee ## Footnote has 1 muscle from each component
31
what structures are found within the popliteal fossa?
- small saphenous vein - popliteal artery and vein - tibial and comomn fibular nerves - posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh - popliteal lymph nodes
32
what is the origin and insertion of the semitendinosus muscle?
O: ischial tuberosity I: tibia (medial surface)
33
what is the origin and insertion of the smimembranosus muscle?
O: ischial tuberosity I: medial condyle of the tibia and blends into the joint capsule of knee
34
O and I of biceps femoris long head?
O: ishcial tuberosity I: head of the fibula (lateral side)
35
what is the O and I of biceps femorsi short head?
O: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur I: head of fibula (lateral side)
36
O and I of plantaris muscle?
O: lateral supracondular line of the femur and oblique popliteal igament I: posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
37
what is the function of the soleal line on the tibia?
serves as the origin for the soleus muscle
38
name the components ofthe pes anserinus
sarorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
39
what is the function of the medial malleolus of the tibia?
it articulates with the talus as part of the ankle joint
40
what are the ossification centers of the tibia? when do they appear?
- diaphysis 7-8 weeks in utero - proximal epiphysis 36 weeks in utero-2 months postnatal - distal epiphysis 3-10 months postnatal
41
waht is the origin and insertion of the popliteus muscle?
O: lateral condyle of thefemur and lateral meniscus I: posteiror surface of the tibia, superior to the soleal line
42
waht is the role of the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments?
they reinforce the inferior tibiofibular joint and are critical for ankle stability
43
name the ligaments of the knee joint
-anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) - posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) - medial collateral ligament (MCL) - lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
44
what nerve innervates the semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles?
tibial divison of the sciatic nerve
45
what nerve innervates the short head of the biceps femoris?
common fibular division of the sciatic nerve
46
when is fusion of the tibia complete?
20 years old - typically younger in females
47
what are the 3 layers of fascia?
- subcutaneous fascia - fascia lata (intermediate) - crural fascia (deep)
48
which muscle is not apart of hmastring muscle? why?
biceps femoris short head - different origin and different innervation
49
how many joints do the hamstring muscles cross?
2 - cross the hip (from their origin on the ischium) and insert pasat the knee
50
which muscle is the lateral hamstring ? and is involved in what?
biceps femoris m. long head - extension of hip
51
distally what 3 portions does the semimembranosus divide into?
tibia (medial condyle) popliteal fossa (blends in) joint capsule of knee (reinforces it; part of the oblique popliteal ligament)
52
the femoral nerve praces off what plexus?
lumbar plexus (L2-4)
53
tibial division turns into tibial nerve. what muscles are innervated by tibial n
proximal to distal: adductor magnus (L4) semitendinous (L5-S2) semimembranous (L5-S2)
54
what are the superficial boards of the popliteal fossa?
superolateral: biceps femoris m. superomedial: semimembranosus, semitendinosus inferolateral: lateral head of gastrocneumus m. inferiomedial: medial head of gastroc. roof: skin and popliteal fascia
55
what are the deep borders of popliteal fossa?
superior: lateral and medial condyles of femus inferior: soleal line of tibia anterior: popliteal surface of femur posterior: joint capsule of knee
56
# traveling structures of popliteal fossa sciatic n. splits superiorly into -->
tibial n and common fibular n
57
the tibial nerve is superficial compared to what structures?
tibial V and A of popliteal fossa ## Footnote nerve is still deep and protected
58
where do branches of the tibial nerve innervate?
-triceps surae (gastroc, soleus) - plantaris - popliteus mm - tibialis posterior - flexor digitorum longus - flexor hallicus longus
59
the popliteal artery divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries at what point?
inferior border of the popliteal fossa
60
what are the branches of the popliteal artery that supply the knee joint?
- superior lateral genicular a. - superior medial genicular a. - middle genicular a. - inferior lateral genicular a. - inferior medial genicular a.
61
what forms the sural nerve?
branches of the tibial nerve (meidal portion) and common fibular nerve (lateral portion)
62
main action of gastrocnemius muscle?
plantarflexion of the ankle and flexion of the knee joint
63
what is the primary function of the tibial plateaus?
articulate with the femoral condyles and provide sites for fibrocartilage and menisci attachment
64
what is the action of the popliteus muscle?
unlocks the knee by medially rotating the tibia on the femur ## Footnote * helps unlock extended knee (rotator)
65
what is the significance of the adductor hiatus?
marks the transition of the femoral artery into the popliteal rtery
66
what is the action of the hamstring muscles during walking?
flex the knee and extend the hip
67
during rotation of the knee what can be recruited?
hamstrings
68
what are the 2 dividison of the sciatic nerve, where do they branch?
tibial nerve (medial) common fibular nerve (lateral) branch at the knee
69
what are the main muscles of the supserficial posterior compartment of the leg?
gastrocnemius soleus palntaris
70
what structures pass through the saphenous opoening of the fascia lata?
the great saphenous vein and lymphatic vessels
71
how do the medial and lateral femoral condyles differ?
the medial condyle is longer and involved in the screw home mechanism during knee extension
72
what is the origin and insertion of the sartorius muscle?
ASIS medial surface of the tibia (part of pes anserinus)
73
waht is the role of the IT band in knee stability?
stabilizes the lateral knee during extension in coordination with the gluteus maximus muscle
74
what ligament is often involved in preventing over-abduction of the hip joint?
pubofemoral ligament
75
what is the primary structural role of the ischiofemoral ligament?
prevents hyperextension of the hip joint
76
what are teh boundaries of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
bordred by medial and lateral intermuscular septa and fascia lata
77
waht muscletendon is commonly used for ACL autografts?
semitendinosus tendon
78
waht is the significance of the acetabular notch in the hip joint?
allows the passage of blood vessels and ligaments, including the ligament of the head of the femur
79
what is the function of the intrinsic ligaments of the hip joint capsule?
hold the femoral head in the acetabulum, becoming tense to secure it and loosening to allow movemeent
80
where does teh iliofemoral ligament attach?
stretches from the AIIS and the acetabulr rim to the intertrochanteric line of the femur
81
what is the primary function of the iliofemoral ligament?
prevents hyperextension of the hip and limits some lateral rotation
82
what ligament is also called "Y" ligament?
iliofemoral
83
where does the pubofemoral ligament attach?
spans from obturator crest to the joint capsule, blending with the iliofemoral ligament
84
what is unique about the ischiofemoral ligament compared to the other hip joint ligaments?
weakest of the hip joint ligaments
85
where does teh ischiofemoral ligament attach?
runs from the ischial portion of the acetabular rim to the greater trochanter of the femur
86
what is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament?
prevents hyperextension of the hip and limits some medial rotation
87
waht is the purpose of the transverse acetabular ligament?
spans the acetabular notch, forming a compmlete rim around the acetabulum and allowing the passage of blood vessels
88
what is the ligament of the head of the femur? what does it do?
also called ligamentum teres, it is synovial sstructure taht allows the artery ofthe femoral headto pass through, supporting blood supply to the femur
89
how do the hip joint ligaments respond during hip flexion?
fibers unwind and become less taut, allowing greater movement
90
how do the hip joint ligaments respond during hip extension?
fibers tighten to hold the femoral head securely in the acetabulum, preventing hyperextension
91
how do the hip joint ligametns contribute to standing posture?
becoming taut duringhip extension they " lock" the femoral head into the acetabulum, reducing msucle activity required to maintain upright position ## Footnote *screw home mechanism
92
what is the function of the fovea capitis and its assocaited ligament?
the fovea capitis serves as an attachment point for the ligament of the head ofthe femur, which carries blood supply to the femoral head
93
how does the transvers acetabular ligament interact with the acetabular notch?
bridges the notch, completing the rim of the acetabulum and supporting the hip joints structural integrity

Anatomy 2 (16 decks)

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