The Neck Flashcards

week 9

1
Q

fascia of the neck

what are the 2 types of fascia in the neck?

A

superficial fascia
deep fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

fascia of the neck

what are the different deep fascias?

A
  1. investing
  2. pretracheal (buccopharyngeal)
  3. cartoid sheath
  4. prevertebral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fascias of the neck

what is the significance of fascia in the neck?

A

containment or pathways for infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fascias of the neck

describe superficial fascia

A

lies directly below the skin and contains connective tissue and a layer of fat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fascias of the neck

describe deep fascia of the neck

A

surrounds various compartments and is stuck to muscles and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

compartments of the neck

*what two muscles are in the front? back?

A

SCM in the front and trapezius in the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

compartments of the neck

what is the only paried fascia/compartment in the neck? what is within?

A
  • carotid sheath
  • encloses the common carotid artery, the internal jugular vein, vagus nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

compartments of the neck

what is the wispy little fascia that runs between the carotid sheaths called?

A

alar fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

compartments of the neck

label

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

compartments of the neck

where is investing fascia found?
what is enclosed within the investing fascia

A

around the whole neck
- sternocleidomastoid
- trapezius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

compartments of the neck

what isthe investing fascia muscles (trapezius and SCM) innnervated by?

A

CN XI
- accessory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

compartments of the neck

the pretrachial fascia has a visceral portion around what?
a thin muscular portion around what?

A
  • thyroid gland
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • esophagus

thin msucluar portion around infrahyoid mucsles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

compartments of the neck

what muscles are found in the pretrachial fascia? what is the innervation?

A

infrahyoid muscles:
- omohyoid m.
- thyrohyoid m.
- sternothyroid m.
- sternohyoid m.

innervation:
thyrohoid - fibers from CI
others - ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

compartments of the neck

what viscera is found in pretrachial fascia?

A
  • larynx
  • thyroid gland: lobe, isthmus, pyramidal lobe (variable)
  • trachea
  • esophagus
  • parathyroid glands
  • pharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

compartments of the neck

muscles in pretrachial fascia: pharyngeal muscles include

A
  • superior pharyngeal constrictor
  • middle pharyngeal constrictor
  • inferior pharyngeal constricor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

compartments of the neck

viscera in pretrachial fascia:
the parathyroid gland are tiny but important for what specific balance?

how many parathyroid glands are there?

A

calcium balance

  • 4 of them buried in the back of the throid gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

compartments of the neck

on the posterior aspect of the pretracheal fascia, there are 3 constrictor muscles associated with what? and are critical in what?

A
  • pharynx
  • critical in swalling

  • they are circular muscles or sphincters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

compartments of the neck

muscles in pretrachial fascia: pharyngeal muscles

there are also 3 longitudinal muscles. waht are they? what are they important for?

A
  • stylopharyngeus
  • palatopharyngeus
  • salpingopharyngeus
    they are imporant for raising the pharynx during swallowing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

compartments of the neck

the carotid sheath is in the anterior triangle, lying just deep to what muscle?

A

SCM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

compartments of the neck

what are the contents of the carotid sheath?

A
  • internal jugular vein
  • vagus nerve (CN X)
  • common carotid artery (inferiorly)
  • internal carotid artery (superiorly)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

compartments of the neck

what is the ansa cervicalis?

A

important but tiny loop of nerves that lies on the superficial surface of the carotid sheath. these nerves are important for:
motor supply for the infrahyoid muscles (motor portion of the cervical plexus)

22
Q

compartments of the neck

what is the set up of contents in the carotid sheath?

A

internal jugular v. is more superficial
deep is internal cartoid a./common carotid a.
and sandwiched between them is the vagus nerve

23
Q

compartments of the neck

what are the contents of the prevertebral fascia?

A
  • vertebrae and spinal cord
  • muscles: scalenes, intrinsic muscles, head flexors
    cervical plexus
  • phrenic nerve
  • sympathetic chain
24
Q

compartments of the neck

what action are the longus colli and longus capitis important for?

A

neck flexion

25
# compartments of the neck muscles in prevertebral fascia
scalenes: - anterior - middle - posterior longus colli longus capitis
26
# compartments of the neck scalenes are important for forced inspiration. the anterior and middlescalene has waht running between them?
- phrenic nerve and brachial plexus
27
# compartments of the neck where is the retropharyngeal space?
a space just behind the pharynx and teh pretrachial fascia compartment which includes the viscera of the neck.
28
# compartments of the neck retropharyngeal space is sometimes called "danger space" because?
infectious material can pass through it and affect a large area. this space extends all the way from the base of the skull down to where the trachea splits into primary bronchi.
29
# triangles of the neck what are the two main triangles of the neck
posterior triangle anterior triangle
30
# triangles of the neck what are the boundries of the posterior triangle?
- SCM - trapezius - clavicle
31
# triangles of the neck what makes up the floor of the posterior triangle ## Footnote 5 things (some lazy bears sleep often)
- splenius capitis m. - levator scapulae m. - brachial plexus - scalenes - omohyoid .
32
# triangle of the neck what cranial nerve is found in the posterior triangle? what cervical plexus nerves where found in the posterior triangle? ## Footnote Alright Lets Go Super Trackstar
CN XI (accessory n.) cervical plexus: - lesser occipital n. (C2) - greater auricular n. (C2, C3) - supraclavicular nn. (C3, C4) - transverse cervical n. (C2, C3)
33
# triangles of the neck cutaneous innervation of skin over the head
## Footnote these cervical plexus nerves are responsible for sensation along the front and sides of the neck
34
# triangles of the neck what two major blood vessels can be seen low in the posterior triangle?
- transverse cervical a. - suprascapular a. (army goes over)
35
# triangles of the neck anterior triangle: boundaries
- SCM - midline of the body - corpus of mandible
36
# triangles of the neck what are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle
- submental - submandibular - carotid - muscular
37
# triangles of the neck anterior triangle contents: ## Footnote 11 things
- infrahyoid muscles - neck viscera - carotid sheath - ICA - IJV - vagus - ansacervicalis - suprahyoid muscles - submandibular salivary gland - facial artery - facial vein
37
# triangles of the neck how many triangles comprise the anterior triangle
three paired triangles and one unpaired (midline) triangle
38
# triangles of the neck what infrahyoid muscles can be found within the anterior triangle?
- sternohyoid - omohyoid - sternothyroid - thyrohyoid
39
# triangles of the neck what are the suprahyoid muscles action?
lift the hyoid and or depress the tongue/mandible
40
# triangles of the neck what muscle is important for speech?
sternothyroid - infrahyoid muscle
41
# triangles of the neck the thyrohyoid muscle is innervated by?
branch of C1
42
# triangles of the neck anterior triangle: carotid sheath, label
43
# triangles of the neck the ansa cervicalis has innervation to all intrahyoid muscles except?
thyrohyoid
44
# triangles of the neck what are the suprahyoid muscles?
- mylohoid - digastric (anterior, posterior) - stylohyoid
45
# triangles of the neck the suprahyoid muscles perform?
elevation of the hyoid
46
# triangles of the neck the digastric muscle is 2 parts that come together and perform?
abduction of the mandible (jaw opening)
47
# triangles of the neck what muscle splits around the posterior digastric muscle and inserts on the hyoid bone?
stylohyoid muscle
48
# triangles of the neck discuss the innervation of the suprahyoid muscles?
mylohyoid/anterior belly of digastric - trigeminal nerve (CN V) specifically mandibular division aka V3 (via nerve to mylohyoid) stylohyoid/posterior belly of digastric - facial nerve (CN VII)
49
# triangles of the neck additional contents of the anterior triangle
facial artery and vein submandiublar gland hypoglossal n. (CN XII)