The Neck

Question 1

fascia of the neck

what are the 2 types of fascia in the neck?

Answer 1

superficial fascia
deep fascia

Question 2

fascia of the neck

what are the different deep fascias?

Answer 2

1. investing
2. pretracheal (buccopharyngeal)
3. cartoid sheath
4. prevertebral

Question 3

fascias of the neck

what is the significance of fascia in the neck?

Answer 3

containment or pathways for infection

Question 4

fascias of the neck

describe superficial fascia

Answer 4

lies directly below the skin and contains connective tissue and a layer of fat.

Question 5

fascias of the neck

describe deep fascia of the neck

Answer 5

surrounds various compartments and is stuck to muscles and organs

Question 6

compartments of the neck

*what two muscles are in the front? back?

Answer 6

SCM in the front and trapezius in the back

Question 7

compartments of the neck

what is the only paried fascia/compartment in the neck? what is within?

Answer 7

• carotid sheath
• encloses the common carotid artery, the internal jugular vein, vagus nerve

Question 8

compartments of the neck

what is the wispy little fascia that runs between the carotid sheaths called?

Answer 8

alar fascia

Question 9

compartments of the neck

label

Answer 9

Question 10

compartments of the neck

where is investing fascia found?
what is enclosed within the investing fascia

Answer 10

around the whole neck
- sternocleidomastoid
- trapezius

Question 11

compartments of the neck

what isthe investing fascia muscles (trapezius and SCM) innnervated by?

Answer 11

CN XI
- accessory nerve

Question 12

compartments of the neck

the pretrachial fascia has a visceral portion around what?
a thin muscular portion around what?

Answer 12

• thyroid gland
• pharynx
• larynx
• trachea
• esophagus

thin msucluar portion around infrahyoid mucsles

Question 13

compartments of the neck

what muscles are found in the pretrachial fascia? what is the innervation?

Answer 13

infrahyoid muscles:
- omohyoid m.
- thyrohyoid m.
- sternothyroid m.
- sternohyoid m.

innervation:
thyrohoid - fibers from CI
others - ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)

Question 14

compartments of the neck

what viscera is found in pretrachial fascia?

Answer 14

• larynx
• thyroid gland: lobe, isthmus, pyramidal lobe (variable)
• trachea
• esophagus
• parathyroid glands
• pharynx

Question 15

compartments of the neck

muscles in pretrachial fascia: pharyngeal muscles include

Answer 15

• superior pharyngeal constrictor
• middle pharyngeal constrictor
• inferior pharyngeal constricor

Question 16

compartments of the neck

viscera in pretrachial fascia:
the parathyroid gland are tiny but important for what specific balance?

how many parathyroid glands are there?

Answer 16

calcium balance

• 4 of them buried in the back of the throid gland

Question 17

compartments of the neck

on the posterior aspect of the pretracheal fascia, there are 3 constrictor muscles associated with what? and are critical in what?

Answer 17

• pharynx
• critical in swalling

• they are circular muscles or sphincters

Question 18

compartments of the neck

muscles in pretrachial fascia: pharyngeal muscles

there are also 3 longitudinal muscles. waht are they? what are they important for?

Answer 18

• stylopharyngeus
• palatopharyngeus
• salpingopharyngeus
  they are imporant for raising the pharynx during swallowing

Question 19

compartments of the neck

the carotid sheath is in the anterior triangle, lying just deep to what muscle?

Answer 19

SCM

Question 20

compartments of the neck

what are the contents of the carotid sheath?

Answer 20

• internal jugular vein
• vagus nerve (CN X)
• common carotid artery (inferiorly)
• internal carotid artery (superiorly)

Question 21

compartments of the neck

what is the ansa cervicalis?

Answer 21

important but tiny loop of nerves that lies on the superficial surface of the carotid sheath. these nerves are important for:
motor supply for the infrahyoid muscles (motor portion of the cervical plexus)

Question 22

compartments of the neck

what is the set up of contents in the carotid sheath?

Answer 22

internal jugular v. is more superficial
deep is internal cartoid a./common carotid a.
and sandwiched between them is the vagus nerve

Question 23

compartments of the neck

what are the contents of the prevertebral fascia?

Answer 23

• vertebrae and spinal cord
• muscles: scalenes, intrinsic muscles, head flexors
  cervical plexus
• phrenic nerve
• sympathetic chain

Question 24

compartments of the neck

what action are the longus colli and longus capitis important for?

Answer 24

neck flexion

Question 25

# compartments of the neck muscles in prevertebral fascia

Answer 25

scalenes: - anterior - middle - posterior longus colli longus capitis

Question 26

# compartments of the neck scalenes are important for forced inspiration. the anterior and middlescalene has waht running between them?

Answer 26

- phrenic nerve and brachial plexus

Question 27

# compartments of the neck where is the retropharyngeal space?

Answer 27

a space just behind the pharynx and teh pretrachial fascia compartment which includes the viscera of the neck.

Question 28

# compartments of the neck retropharyngeal space is sometimes called "danger space" because?

Answer 28

infectious material can pass through it and affect a large area. this space extends all the way from the base of the skull down to where the trachea splits into primary bronchi.

Question 29

# triangles of the neck what are the two main triangles of the neck

Answer 29

posterior triangle anterior triangle

Question 30

# triangles of the neck what are the boundries of the posterior triangle?

Answer 30

- SCM - trapezius - clavicle

Question 31

# triangles of the neck what makes up the floor of the posterior triangle ## Footnote 5 things (some lazy bears sleep often)

Answer 31

- splenius capitis m. - levator scapulae m. - brachial plexus - scalenes - omohyoid .

Question 32

# triangle of the neck what cranial nerve is found in the posterior triangle? what cervical plexus nerves where found in the posterior triangle? ## Footnote Alright Lets Go Super Trackstar

Answer 32

CN XI (accessory n.) cervical plexus: - lesser occipital n. (C2) - greater auricular n. (C2, C3) - supraclavicular nn. (C3, C4) - transverse cervical n. (C2, C3)

Question 33

# triangles of the neck cutaneous innervation of skin over the head

Answer 33

## Footnote these cervical plexus nerves are responsible for sensation along the front and sides of the neck

Question 34

# triangles of the neck what two major blood vessels can be seen low in the posterior triangle?

Answer 34

- transverse cervical a. - suprascapular a. (army goes over)

Question 35

# triangles of the neck anterior triangle: boundaries

Answer 35

- SCM - midline of the body - corpus of mandible

Question 36

# triangles of the neck what are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle

Answer 36

- submental - submandibular - carotid - muscular

Question 37

# triangles of the neck anterior triangle contents: ## Footnote 11 things

Answer 37

- infrahyoid muscles - neck viscera - carotid sheath - ICA - IJV - vagus - ansacervicalis - suprahyoid muscles - submandibular salivary gland - facial artery - facial vein

Question 37

# triangles of the neck how many triangles comprise the anterior triangle

Answer 37

three paired triangles and one unpaired (midline) triangle

Question 38

# triangles of the neck what infrahyoid muscles can be found within the anterior triangle?

Answer 38

- sternohyoid - omohyoid - sternothyroid - thyrohyoid

Question 39

# triangles of the neck what are the suprahyoid muscles action?

Answer 39

lift the hyoid and or depress the tongue/mandible

Question 40

# triangles of the neck what muscle is important for speech?

Answer 40

sternothyroid - infrahyoid muscle

Question 41

# triangles of the neck the thyrohyoid muscle is innervated by?

Answer 41

branch of C1

Question 42

# triangles of the neck anterior triangle: carotid sheath, label

Answer 42

Question 43

# triangles of the neck the ansa cervicalis has innervation to all intrahyoid muscles except?

Answer 43

thyrohyoid

Question 44

# triangles of the neck what are the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 44

- mylohoid - digastric (anterior, posterior) - stylohyoid

Question 45

# triangles of the neck the suprahyoid muscles perform?

Answer 45

elevation of the hyoid

Question 46

# triangles of the neck the digastric muscle is 2 parts that come together and perform?

Answer 46

abduction of the mandible (jaw opening)

Question 47

# triangles of the neck what muscle splits around the posterior digastric muscle and inserts on the hyoid bone?

Answer 47

stylohyoid muscle

Question 48

# triangles of the neck discuss the innervation of the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 48

mylohyoid/anterior belly of digastric - trigeminal nerve (CN V) specifically mandibular division aka V3 (via nerve to mylohyoid) stylohyoid/posterior belly of digastric - facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 49

# triangles of the neck additional contents of the anterior triangle

Answer 49

facial artery and vein submandiublar gland hypoglossal n. (CN XII)