The Neck Flashcards
week 9
fascia of the neck
what are the 2 types of fascia in the neck?
superficial fascia
deep fascia
fascia of the neck
what are the different deep fascias?
- investing
- pretracheal (buccopharyngeal)
- cartoid sheath
- prevertebral
fascias of the neck
what is the significance of fascia in the neck?
containment or pathways for infection
fascias of the neck
describe superficial fascia
lies directly below the skin and contains connective tissue and a layer of fat.
fascias of the neck
describe deep fascia of the neck
surrounds various compartments and is stuck to muscles and organs
compartments of the neck
*what two muscles are in the front? back?
SCM in the front and trapezius in the back
compartments of the neck
what is the only paried fascia/compartment in the neck? what is within?
- carotid sheath
- encloses the common carotid artery, the internal jugular vein, vagus nerve
compartments of the neck
what is the wispy little fascia that runs between the carotid sheaths called?
alar fascia
compartments of the neck
label
compartments of the neck
where is investing fascia found?
what is enclosed within the investing fascia
around the whole neck
- sternocleidomastoid
- trapezius
compartments of the neck
what isthe investing fascia muscles (trapezius and SCM) innnervated by?
CN XI
- accessory nerve
compartments of the neck
the pretrachial fascia has a visceral portion around what?
a thin muscular portion around what?
- thyroid gland
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- esophagus
thin msucluar portion around infrahyoid mucsles
compartments of the neck
what muscles are found in the pretrachial fascia? what is the innervation?
infrahyoid muscles:
- omohyoid m.
- thyrohyoid m.
- sternothyroid m.
- sternohyoid m.
innervation:
thyrohoid - fibers from CI
others - ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)
compartments of the neck
what viscera is found in pretrachial fascia?
- larynx
- thyroid gland: lobe, isthmus, pyramidal lobe (variable)
- trachea
- esophagus
- parathyroid glands
- pharynx
compartments of the neck
muscles in pretrachial fascia: pharyngeal muscles include
- superior pharyngeal constrictor
- middle pharyngeal constrictor
- inferior pharyngeal constricor
compartments of the neck
viscera in pretrachial fascia:
the parathyroid gland are tiny but important for what specific balance?
how many parathyroid glands are there?
calcium balance
- 4 of them buried in the back of the throid gland
compartments of the neck
on the posterior aspect of the pretracheal fascia, there are 3 constrictor muscles associated with what? and are critical in what?
- pharynx
- critical in swalling
- they are circular muscles or sphincters
compartments of the neck
muscles in pretrachial fascia: pharyngeal muscles
there are also 3 longitudinal muscles. waht are they? what are they important for?
- stylopharyngeus
- palatopharyngeus
- salpingopharyngeus
they are imporant for raising the pharynx during swallowing
compartments of the neck
the carotid sheath is in the anterior triangle, lying just deep to what muscle?
SCM
compartments of the neck
what are the contents of the carotid sheath?
- internal jugular vein
- vagus nerve (CN X)
- common carotid artery (inferiorly)
- internal carotid artery (superiorly)
compartments of the neck
what is the ansa cervicalis?
important but tiny loop of nerves that lies on the superficial surface of the carotid sheath. these nerves are important for:
motor supply for the infrahyoid muscles (motor portion of the cervical plexus)
compartments of the neck
what is the set up of contents in the carotid sheath?
internal jugular v. is more superficial
deep is internal cartoid a./common carotid a.
and sandwiched between them is the vagus nerve
compartments of the neck
what are the contents of the prevertebral fascia?
- vertebrae and spinal cord
- muscles: scalenes, intrinsic muscles, head flexors
cervical plexus - phrenic nerve
- sympathetic chain
compartments of the neck
what action are the longus colli and longus capitis important for?
neck flexion
compartments of the neck
muscles in prevertebral fascia
scalenes:
- anterior
- middle
- posterior
longus colli
longus capitis
compartments of the neck
scalenes are important for forced inspiration. the anterior and middlescalene has waht running between them?
- phrenic nerve and brachial plexus
compartments of the neck
where is the retropharyngeal space?
a space just behind the pharynx and teh pretrachial fascia compartment which includes the viscera of the neck.
compartments of the neck
retropharyngeal space is sometimes called “danger space” because?
infectious material can pass through it and affect a large area. this space extends all the way from the base of the skull down to where the trachea splits into primary bronchi.
triangles of the neck
what are the two main triangles of the neck
posterior triangle
anterior triangle
triangles of the neck
what are the boundries of the posterior triangle?
- SCM
- trapezius
- clavicle
triangles of the neck
what makes up the floor of the posterior triangle
5 things (some lazy bears sleep often)
- splenius capitis m.
- levator scapulae m.
- brachial plexus
- scalenes
- omohyoid .
triangle of the neck
what cranial nerve is found in the posterior triangle? what cervical plexus nerves where found in the posterior triangle?
Alright Lets Go Super Trackstar
CN XI (accessory n.)
cervical plexus:
- lesser occipital n. (C2)
- greater auricular n. (C2, C3)
- supraclavicular nn. (C3, C4)
- transverse cervical n. (C2, C3)
triangles of the neck
cutaneous innervation of skin over the head
these cervical plexus nerves are responsible for sensation along the front and sides of the neck
triangles of the neck
what two major blood vessels can be seen low in the posterior triangle?
- transverse cervical a.
- suprascapular a. (army goes over)
triangles of the neck
anterior triangle:
boundaries
- SCM
- midline of the body
- corpus of mandible
triangles of the neck
what are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle
- submental
- submandibular
- carotid
- muscular
triangles of the neck
anterior triangle
contents:
11 things
- infrahyoid muscles
- neck viscera
- carotid sheath
- ICA
- IJV
- vagus
- ansacervicalis
- suprahyoid muscles
- submandibular salivary gland
- facial artery
- facial vein
triangles of the neck
how many triangles comprise the anterior triangle
three paired triangles and one unpaired (midline) triangle
triangles of the neck
what infrahyoid muscles can be found within the anterior triangle?
- sternohyoid
- omohyoid
- sternothyroid
- thyrohyoid
triangles of the neck
what are the suprahyoid muscles action?
lift the hyoid and or depress the tongue/mandible
triangles of the neck
what muscle is important for speech?
sternothyroid - infrahyoid muscle
triangles of the neck
the thyrohyoid muscle is innervated by?
branch of C1
triangles of the neck
anterior triangle: carotid sheath, label
triangles of the neck
the ansa cervicalis has innervation to all intrahyoid muscles except?
thyrohyoid
triangles of the neck
what are the suprahyoid muscles?
- mylohoid
- digastric (anterior, posterior)
- stylohyoid
triangles of the neck
the suprahyoid muscles perform?
elevation of the hyoid
triangles of the neck
the digastric muscle is 2 parts that come together and perform?
abduction of the mandible (jaw opening)
triangles of the neck
what muscle splits around the posterior digastric muscle and inserts on the hyoid bone?
stylohyoid muscle
triangles of the neck
discuss the innervation of the suprahyoid muscles?
mylohyoid/anterior belly of digastric -
trigeminal nerve (CN V) specifically mandibular division aka V3 (via nerve to mylohyoid)
stylohyoid/posterior belly of digastric - facial nerve (CN VII)
triangles of the neck
additional contents of the anterior triangle
facial artery and vein
submandiublar gland
hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
