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Anatomy 2 > The Neck > Flashcards

The Neck Flashcards

week 9

1
Q

fascia of the neck

what are the 2 types of fascia in the neck?

A

superficial fascia
deep fascia

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2
Q

fascia of the neck

what are the different deep fascias?

A
  1. investing
  2. pretracheal (buccopharyngeal)
  3. cartoid sheath
  4. prevertebral
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3
Q

fascias of the neck

what is the significance of fascia in the neck?

A

containment or pathways for infection

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4
Q

fascias of the neck

describe superficial fascia

A

lies directly below the skin and contains connective tissue and a layer of fat.

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5
Q

fascias of the neck

describe deep fascia of the neck

A

surrounds various compartments and is stuck to muscles and organs

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6
Q

compartments of the neck

*what two muscles are in the front? back?

A

SCM in the front and trapezius in the back

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7
Q

compartments of the neck

what is the only paried fascia/compartment in the neck? what is within?

A
  • carotid sheath
  • encloses the common carotid artery, the internal jugular vein, vagus nerve
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8
Q

compartments of the neck

what is the wispy little fascia that runs between the carotid sheaths called?

A

alar fascia

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9
Q

compartments of the neck

label

A
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10
Q

compartments of the neck

where is investing fascia found?
what is enclosed within the investing fascia

A

around the whole neck
- sternocleidomastoid
- trapezius

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11
Q

compartments of the neck

what isthe investing fascia muscles (trapezius and SCM) innnervated by?

A

CN XI
- accessory nerve

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12
Q

compartments of the neck

the pretrachial fascia has a visceral portion around what?
a thin muscular portion around what?

A
  • thyroid gland
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • esophagus

thin msucluar portion around infrahyoid mucsles

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13
Q

compartments of the neck

what muscles are found in the pretrachial fascia? what is the innervation?

A

infrahyoid muscles:
- omohyoid m.
- thyrohyoid m.
- sternothyroid m.
- sternohyoid m.

innervation:
thyrohoid - fibers from CI
others - ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)

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14
Q

compartments of the neck

what viscera is found in pretrachial fascia?

A
  • larynx
  • thyroid gland: lobe, isthmus, pyramidal lobe (variable)
  • trachea
  • esophagus
  • parathyroid glands
  • pharynx
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15
Q

compartments of the neck

muscles in pretrachial fascia: pharyngeal muscles include

A
  • superior pharyngeal constrictor
  • middle pharyngeal constrictor
  • inferior pharyngeal constricor
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16
Q

compartments of the neck

viscera in pretrachial fascia:
the parathyroid gland are tiny but important for what specific balance?

how many parathyroid glands are there?

A

calcium balance

  • 4 of them buried in the back of the throid gland
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17
Q

compartments of the neck

on the posterior aspect of the pretracheal fascia, there are 3 constrictor muscles associated with what? and are critical in what?

A
  • pharynx
  • critical in swalling

  • they are circular muscles or sphincters
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18
Q

compartments of the neck

muscles in pretrachial fascia: pharyngeal muscles

there are also 3 longitudinal muscles. waht are they? what are they important for?

A
  • stylopharyngeus
  • palatopharyngeus
  • salpingopharyngeus
    they are imporant for raising the pharynx during swallowing
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19
Q

compartments of the neck

the carotid sheath is in the anterior triangle, lying just deep to what muscle?

A

SCM

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20
Q

compartments of the neck

what are the contents of the carotid sheath?

A
  • internal jugular vein
  • vagus nerve (CN X)
  • common carotid artery (inferiorly)
  • internal carotid artery (superiorly)
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21
Q

compartments of the neck

what is the ansa cervicalis?

A

important but tiny loop of nerves that lies on the superficial surface of the carotid sheath. these nerves are important for:
motor supply for the infrahyoid muscles (motor portion of the cervical plexus)

22
Q

compartments of the neck

what is the set up of contents in the carotid sheath?

A

internal jugular v. is more superficial
deep is internal cartoid a./common carotid a.
and sandwiched between them is the vagus nerve

23
Q

compartments of the neck

what are the contents of the prevertebral fascia?

A
  • vertebrae and spinal cord
  • muscles: scalenes, intrinsic muscles, head flexors
    cervical plexus
  • phrenic nerve
  • sympathetic chain
24
Q

compartments of the neck

what action are the longus colli and longus capitis important for?

A

neck flexion

25
Q

compartments of the neck

muscles in prevertebral fascia

A

scalenes:
- anterior
- middle
- posterior
longus colli
longus capitis

26
Q

compartments of the neck

scalenes are important for forced inspiration. the anterior and middlescalene has waht running between them?

A
  • phrenic nerve and brachial plexus
27
Q

compartments of the neck

where is the retropharyngeal space?

A

a space just behind the pharynx and teh pretrachial fascia compartment which includes the viscera of the neck.

28
Q

compartments of the neck

retropharyngeal space is sometimes called “danger space” because?

A

infectious material can pass through it and affect a large area. this space extends all the way from the base of the skull down to where the trachea splits into primary bronchi.

29
Q

triangles of the neck

what are the two main triangles of the neck

A

posterior triangle
anterior triangle

30
Q

triangles of the neck

what are the boundries of the posterior triangle?

A
  • SCM
  • trapezius
  • clavicle
31
Q

triangles of the neck

what makes up the floor of the posterior triangle

5 things (some lazy bears sleep often)

A
  • splenius capitis m.
  • levator scapulae m.
  • brachial plexus
  • scalenes
  • omohyoid .
32
Q

triangle of the neck

what cranial nerve is found in the posterior triangle? what cervical plexus nerves where found in the posterior triangle?

Alright Lets Go Super Trackstar

A

CN XI (accessory n.)

cervical plexus:
- lesser occipital n. (C2)
- greater auricular n. (C2, C3)
- supraclavicular nn. (C3, C4)
- transverse cervical n. (C2, C3)

33
Q

triangles of the neck

cutaneous innervation of skin over the head

A

these cervical plexus nerves are responsible for sensation along the front and sides of the neck

34
Q

triangles of the neck

what two major blood vessels can be seen low in the posterior triangle?

A
  • transverse cervical a.
  • suprascapular a. (army goes over)
35
Q

triangles of the neck

anterior triangle:
boundaries

A
  • SCM
  • midline of the body
  • corpus of mandible
36
Q

triangles of the neck

what are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle

A
  • submental
  • submandibular
  • carotid
  • muscular
37
Q

triangles of the neck

anterior triangle
contents:

11 things

A
  • infrahyoid muscles
  • neck viscera
  • carotid sheath
  • ICA
  • IJV
  • vagus
  • ansacervicalis
  • suprahyoid muscles
  • submandibular salivary gland
  • facial artery
  • facial vein
37
Q

triangles of the neck

how many triangles comprise the anterior triangle

A

three paired triangles and one unpaired (midline) triangle

38
Q

triangles of the neck

what infrahyoid muscles can be found within the anterior triangle?

A
  • sternohyoid
  • omohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • thyrohyoid
39
Q

triangles of the neck

what are the suprahyoid muscles action?

A

lift the hyoid and or depress the tongue/mandible

40
Q

triangles of the neck

what muscle is important for speech?

A

sternothyroid - infrahyoid muscle

41
Q

triangles of the neck

the thyrohyoid muscle is innervated by?

A

branch of C1

42
Q

triangles of the neck

anterior triangle: carotid sheath, label

A
43
Q

triangles of the neck

the ansa cervicalis has innervation to all intrahyoid muscles except?

A

thyrohyoid

44
Q

triangles of the neck

what are the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • mylohoid
  • digastric (anterior, posterior)
  • stylohyoid
45
Q

triangles of the neck

the suprahyoid muscles perform?

A

elevation of the hyoid

46
Q

triangles of the neck

the digastric muscle is 2 parts that come together and perform?

A

abduction of the mandible (jaw opening)

47
Q

triangles of the neck

what muscle splits around the posterior digastric muscle and inserts on the hyoid bone?

A

stylohyoid muscle

48
Q

triangles of the neck

discuss the innervation of the suprahyoid muscles?

A

mylohyoid/anterior belly of digastric -
trigeminal nerve (CN V) specifically mandibular division aka V3 (via nerve to mylohyoid)

stylohyoid/posterior belly of digastric - facial nerve (CN VII)

49
Q

triangles of the neck

additional contents of the anterior triangle

A

facial artery and vein
submandiublar gland
hypoglossal n. (CN XII)

Anatomy 2 (10 decks)

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