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anatomy lecture > The neck > Flashcards

The neck Flashcards

1
Q

what are the facial layers from superficial to deep

A

skin
superficial cervical fascia (hypodermus)
investing fascia(superficial layer of the deep fascia)
Pretracheal fascia
Prevertebral fascia

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2
Q

what muscle is within the superficial cervical fascia?

A

platysma

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3
Q

what muscle are within the investing fascia aka the superficial layer of the deep facia?

A

sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscle

both innervated by the spinal accessory nerve

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4
Q

what are the three sub facial layers of the pretracheal fascia?

A

muscular
visceral
buccopharyngeal

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5
Q

what muscles are encompassed by the muscular layer of the pretracheal fascia?

A

the infra-hyoid muscles

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6
Q

what is encompassed by the visceral layer of the pretracheal fascia?

A

thyroid gland

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7
Q

where is the buccopharyngeal layer of the pretracheal fascia?

A
  • just deep to the esophagus

- it touches the visceral layer on the medial side of the thyroid gland

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8
Q

what muscles are encompassed in the pre vertebral fascia?

A

deep cervical muscles
levator scapulae
ant. mid. and post. scalene muscles
longus coli muscle

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9
Q

in the anterior portion of the prevertebral fasica what is the fascia called the is superficial to the sympathetic trunk

A

alar fascia

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10
Q

what are the two danger spaces and why are they dangerous?

A

the retropharyngeal space
alar space
-infection can travel down these spaces into the mediastinum with out any barriers

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11
Q

what is the sheath called that surrounds the internal jugular vein, the carotid artery, and the vagus nerve?

A

the carotid sheath

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12
Q

what cervical ventral rami make up the cervical plexus?

A

ventral rami of C1-C4

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13
Q

what ventral rami make up the great auricular nerve and what is their sensory region?

A

C2-C3

by the ear

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14
Q

what ventral rami make up the transverse cervical nerve and what is their sensory region?

A

C2-C3

anterior and lateral neck

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15
Q

what ventral rami make up the supraclavicular nerves and what is their sensory region??

A

C3-C4

just above the clavicle

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16
Q

the Great auricular, transverse cervical, and the supraclavicular nerves are all what type of nerves?

A

cutaneous sensory

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17
Q

what is the loop called that the ventral roots of C1-C3 make and what does it do?

A

ansa cervicalis

innervates the the hyoid muscles (inferior muscles)

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18
Q

what are the two areas of the ansa cervicalis and what ventral rami make them up?

A

the superior root C1 (strap muscles)

the inferior root C2-C3 ( skin of neck)

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19
Q

what is the carotid sinus and the carotid body and where are they?

A

sinus: contains baroreceptors, regulated by the CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
body: chemoreceptors (O2, CO2, pH, temp), regulated by CN IX glossopharyngeal
- found on the internal carotid artery near the carina of the common carotid

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20
Q

how can you tell the difference between the internal and external carotid arteries?

A

the internal doesn’t have branches and the external does

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21
Q

what is the first branch off the external carotid and what does it feed?

A

superior thyroid

feeds: ant. strap muscles, thyroid cart. larynx, thyroid gland and sternocleidomastoid

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22
Q

what is the second branch off the external carotid and what does it feed?

A

ascending pharyngeal

feeds: pharyngeal muscles, inner tympanic region

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23
Q

what is the third branch off the external carotid and what does it feed?

A

lingual

feeds: oral cavity, tongue, epiglottis, and sublingual glands

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24
Q

what is the fourth branch off the external carotid and what does it feed?

A

facial
feeds: superior facial muscles, angular and dorsal nasal, infraorbital, sup. and inf. labial, inf. alveolar bone, submental

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25
Q

what is the fifth branch off the external carotid and what does it feed?

A

occipital

feeds: sub occipital muscles, dorsal muscles, skin and scalp

26
Q

what is the sixth branch off the external carotid and what does it feed?

A

posterior auricular

feeds: most inner/middle ear, posterior lateral scalp

27
Q

what is the seventh branch off the external carotid and what does it feed?

A

the maxillary

feeds: lots of stuff

28
Q

the external carotid branches into two arteries one of which is the maxillary, what is the second branch of the bifurcation and what does it feed?

A

superficial temporal

feeds: temporal and zygomatic region muscles and bone

29
Q

what does the internal jugular vein drain?

A

the brain and face and joins with the subclavian vein the form the brachiocephalic vein

30
Q

the common facial vein receives blood from what veins?

A

maxillary, superior temporal, facial, and anterior division of retromandibular vein

31
Q

what two veins make up the retromandibular vein?

A

the maxillary and superior temporal veins

32
Q

where does the common facial vein empty into?

A

the internal jugular vein

33
Q

what veins drain into the external jugular vein?

external also drains into the subclavian vein

A

the maxillary, superficial temporal (then to posterior retromandibular vein) , and posterior auricular veins.
important to note that the maxillary and superficial temporal veins can both drain into the internal and external jugular veins

34
Q

what is the anastomoses that allows for the blood to flow into the external or internal jugular vein?

A

the retromandibular vein
anterior branch into internal jugular
posterior branch into external jugular

35
Q

Pterygoid plexus also allows blood to drain into where?

A

cavernous sinus

36
Q

the suprahyoid muscles all do what?

A

elevate the hyoid bone and can also help depress teh mandible

37
Q

innervation of the ant. and post. digastric bellies of the digastric muscle and where they attach?

A

ant. : digastric fossa of mandible to intermediate tendon of hyoid bone, innervated by CN V3 mandibular of trigeminal
post. : intermediate tendon to digastric notch of temporal bone innervated by CN VII Facial

38
Q

innervation of the stylohyoid muscle and where does it attach?

A

innervation is facial nerve CN VII

attaches at the styloid process to body near lesser horn of the hyoid bone

39
Q

innervation of mylohyoid muscle and where does in attach?

A

innervationis CN V3 mandibular branch of trigeminal

attaches: mylohyoid line of mandible to the body of hyoid bone
* also elevates the base of the tongue and floor of mouth

40
Q

functions of the infrahyoid muscles

and their innervations

A

they depress the hyoid bone
when working with suprahyoid muscles, they can depress the mandible
**all innervated by the ansa cervicalis

41
Q

longus coli/ capitus attachment and motion

A

flex the neck and posture of the neck and attaches to the anterior of the vertebral body

42
Q

scalene muscles attachment movement and innervation

A

ant. and middle: transverse processes of C3-C7 to 1st rib
post. transverse processes of C3-C7 to 2nd rib
bilateral flex the neck
unilateral tilts head to same side
also aids in respiration elevation of 1st and 2nd rib
ventral rami of cervical plexus
**note the brachial plexus goes in between the anterior and middle scalenes

43
Q

triangles of the neck borders and the two triangles

A

sternocleidomastoid(SCM) and trapezius

anterior and posterior(between the SCM and traps)

44
Q

posterior triangle external layer has what coming out of it and what is the roof of this triangle?

A
  • the cervical plexus and the external jugular vein

- roof is the investing fascia (superficial layer of the deep fascia)

45
Q

what is the floor of the posterior triangle?

A

the prevertebral fascia

46
Q

components of the posterior floor

A
  • ant. and middle scalene, brachial plexus(make up interscalene triangle)
  • posterior scalene
  • splenius capitius muscle
  • levator scapulae muscle
47
Q

arteries of the posterior triangle

A

thyrocervical trunk

   - transv. cerv. artery
   - suprascapular artery  * * note the thyrocercial trunk comes off the subclavian artery
48
Q

what are the four triangles that make up the anterior triangle?

A

muscular
submental
submandibular
carotid

49
Q

what is the border of the muscular triangle and what is in it?

A

sup. belly omohyoid
midline
SCM
contains infrahyoid muscles

50
Q

what is the border of the submental triangle?

A

L and R ant. digastric and hyoid bone

midline structure

51
Q

what is the border of the submandibular triangle?

and what four things are in it?

A 
ant. digastric, post. digastric, and mandible
submandibular gland
submandibular lymph nodes
lingual and facial arteries 
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
52
Q

what is the border of the carotid triangle?

and what important structures are found within it?

A

superior omohyoid, posterior digastric, and SCM

  • common, external, internal carotid arteries
  • internal jugular vein
  • CN X, XI, XII
  • some of the cervical plexus
53
Q

nerves of the carotid triangle

A
  • glossopharyngeal (CN XI): visceral sensory-carotid sinus and body
  • Vagus (CN X) visceral sensory: carotid body nerve, sensory and motor
  • sympathetic trunk: gray rami communicans
54
Q

Visceral triangle

A
  • thyroid/parathyroid
  • trachea
  • esophagus
55
Q

components of the thyroid and arteries and veins

A

left and right lobes
isthmus
-sup. and inf. thyroid arteries
-sup. middle, and inf., thyroid veins
*inf. veins come off brachiocephalic veins, sup. and middle come off internal jugular
-also gets blood from superior laryngeal artery
-innervation from superior laryngeal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve

56
Q

branches off the subclavian artery

A 
vertebral artery (posterior)
thyrocervical trunk (anterior)
57
Q

what two muscles border the vertebral artery

A

anterior scalene and longus coli

58
Q

the vertebral artery travels through what two major things?

A

transverse foramina

foramen magnum

59
Q

what are the 4 branches off the thyrocervical artery trunk

A

inferior thyroid
ascending cervical
transverse cervical
suprascapular

60
Q

where does the thoracic duct drain into?

A

the subclavian vein just lateral to the internal jugular vein.

anatomy lecture (16 decks)

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