Brain Vascular supply

Question 1

what artery branches come off the internal carotid artery?

Answer 1

ophthalmic
anterior cerebral
middle cerebral

Question 2

what artery branches come off the vertebral artery

Answer 2

posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
Anterior spinal artery
the two vertebral arteries meet and make the basilar artery

Question 3

what branches come off the basilar artery?

Answer 3

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
Superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
Posterior cerebral

Question 4

what are the arteries that make up the circle of willis?

Answer 4

anterior communicating
anterior cerebral
Internal carotid artery
posterior communicating 
posterior cerebral

Question 5

how do you test the midbrain activity? and what cranial nerves are tested?

Answer 5

pupillary light reflex
CN II optic receives the light input
CNIII visceral motor of the pupillary constrictors

Question 6

how do you test the pons activity? and what cranial nerves are tested?

Answer 6

corneal reflex
CN V1 senses the cornea
CN VII causes the motor reflex of orbicularis oculi to close the eye

Question 7

how do you test the medulla activity? and what cranial nerves are tested?

Answer 7

gag reflex
CN IX senses the posterior of the pharynx
CN X causes motor function to the pharynx

Question 8

what is the arterial supply of the midbrain (mesencephalon)

Answer 8

basilar artery

posterior cerebral artery(chorodial branches)

Question 9

arterial supply of the pons (metencephalon)

Answer 9

basilar artery almost all of it
anterior inferior cerebellar artery
some superior cerebellar in rostral dorsal pons

Question 10

medulla vascular supply

Answer 10

anterior spinal artery(vertebral artery extensions)
vertebral artery
PICA

Question 11

if the middle cerebral artery is blocked what functions can be compromised?

Answer 11

speech if on dominant side, sensory, motor, and hearing

on contralateral side of blockage

Question 12

if the anterior cerebral artery is blocked what functions can be compromised?

Answer 12

motor and sensory of lower limbs (longitudinal fissure)

on contra lateral side of blockage

Question 13

if the posterior cerebral artery is blocked what functions can be compromised?

Answer 13

vision

Question 14

the confluence of sinuses is the meeting of what three dural vein sinuses?

Answer 14

superior sagital
straight sinus
and transverse sinus

Question 15

what five important things run through the cavernous sinus?

Answer 15

ICA

CN III, IV,V,VI

Question 16

how is it possible for a direct route of infection to get into the brain? also what about clots?

Answer 16

veinous blood from the maxillary vein or some other facial vein can enter the pterygoid plexus and then travel up the angular vein through the superior orbital fissure in the superior ophthalmic vein and directly into the cavernous sinus
-slow blood flow of veins can also causes a close and can possibly travel to the brain resulting in a stroke

Question 17

what is the first cranial nerve to be affected by cavernous sinus thrombosis?

Answer 17

CN VI

will also affect CN II, III,IV,V, and pituitary gland

Question 18

what are the cranial meninges?

Answer 18

Dura
arachnoid
Pia

Question 19

what veins drain the scalp and enter the skull and then enter the sinuses?

Answer 19

Parietal emissary vein to the superior sagittal sinus

Occipital emissary vein to the confluence of sinuses

Question 20

what dura surround the veinous sinuses?

Answer 20

between the periosteum of skull and the meningeal dura

Question 21

what does a torn middle meningeal artery lead to?

Answer 21

epidural hematoma
usually a skull fracture near the foramen spinosum
Lenticular in shape(biconvex)

Question 22

in a subdural hematoma between what two maters of the brain?

Answer 22

dura and arachnoid

Question 23

in a subarachniod aneurysm where will blood flow and what is the typical cause?

Answer 23

blood pools between the pia and arachnoid
will fill the sulci
causes by a rupture of arteries typically where there is a tight curve in the route of the artery

Question 24

what is a stroke referred to as?

Answer 24

a cerebrovascular accident where blood has stopped flowing to a particular area of the cerebral parenchyma