Brain Vascular supply Flashcards
what artery branches come off the internal carotid artery?
ophthalmic
anterior cerebral
middle cerebral
what artery branches come off the vertebral artery
posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
Anterior spinal artery
the two vertebral arteries meet and make the basilar artery
what branches come off the basilar artery?
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
Superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
Posterior cerebral
what are the arteries that make up the circle of willis?
anterior communicating anterior cerebral Internal carotid artery posterior communicating posterior cerebral
how do you test the midbrain activity? and what cranial nerves are tested?
pupillary light reflex
CN II optic receives the light input
CNIII visceral motor of the pupillary constrictors
how do you test the pons activity? and what cranial nerves are tested?
corneal reflex
CN V1 senses the cornea
CN VII causes the motor reflex of orbicularis oculi to close the eye
how do you test the medulla activity? and what cranial nerves are tested?
gag reflex
CN IX senses the posterior of the pharynx
CN X causes motor function to the pharynx
what is the arterial supply of the midbrain (mesencephalon)
basilar artery
posterior cerebral artery(chorodial branches)
arterial supply of the pons (metencephalon)
basilar artery almost all of it
anterior inferior cerebellar artery
some superior cerebellar in rostral dorsal pons
medulla vascular supply
anterior spinal artery(vertebral artery extensions)
vertebral artery
PICA
if the middle cerebral artery is blocked what functions can be compromised?
speech if on dominant side, sensory, motor, and hearing
on contralateral side of blockage
if the anterior cerebral artery is blocked what functions can be compromised?
motor and sensory of lower limbs (longitudinal fissure)
on contra lateral side of blockage
if the posterior cerebral artery is blocked what functions can be compromised?
vision
the confluence of sinuses is the meeting of what three dural vein sinuses?
superior sagital
straight sinus
and transverse sinus
what five important things run through the cavernous sinus?
ICA
CN III, IV,V,VI
how is it possible for a direct route of infection to get into the brain? also what about clots?
veinous blood from the maxillary vein or some other facial vein can enter the pterygoid plexus and then travel up the angular vein through the superior orbital fissure in the superior ophthalmic vein and directly into the cavernous sinus
-slow blood flow of veins can also causes a close and can possibly travel to the brain resulting in a stroke
what is the first cranial nerve to be affected by cavernous sinus thrombosis?
CN VI
will also affect CN II, III,IV,V, and pituitary gland
what are the cranial meninges?
Dura
arachnoid
Pia
what veins drain the scalp and enter the skull and then enter the sinuses?
Parietal emissary vein to the superior sagittal sinus
Occipital emissary vein to the confluence of sinuses
what dura surround the veinous sinuses?
between the periosteum of skull and the meningeal dura
what does a torn middle meningeal artery lead to?
epidural hematoma
usually a skull fracture near the foramen spinosum
Lenticular in shape(biconvex)
in a subdural hematoma between what two maters of the brain?
dura and arachnoid
in a subarachniod aneurysm where will blood flow and what is the typical cause?
blood pools between the pia and arachnoid
will fill the sulci
causes by a rupture of arteries typically where there is a tight curve in the route of the artery
what is a stroke referred to as?
a cerebrovascular accident where blood has stopped flowing to a particular area of the cerebral parenchyma
