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anatomy lecture > Respiratory week 3 > Flashcards

Respiratory week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two pleural membranes?

A

Parietal and Visceral pleura

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2
Q

What is it called when you break the seal of the two membranes?

A

pneumothorax aka collapsed lung

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3
Q

What are the four parietal pleura areas?

A

Cervical
Costal
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal

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4
Q

What is the purpose of serous fluid?

A

allows sliding of the parietal and visceral membranes and holds them together

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5
Q

what is the hilum and what is the significance?

A

the root of the lung where bronchi and arteries and veins enter or leave.
*Parietal and Visceral pleura are contiguous here and where one becomes the other**

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6
Q

What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

a space where during inhalation can fill with fluid

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7
Q

Why can you pin point pain in the costal and cervical regions of the parietal pleura?

A

they have somatic innervation and thus pain receptors via the intercostal nerves

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8
Q

The phrenic nerve is the only somatic nerve that refers pain. T/F

A

True

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9
Q

Can you pin point pain in the diaphragmatic and mediastinal parietal pleura?

A

No, because the phrenic nerve refers pain but still have pain receptors

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10
Q

Where would you feel referred pain from the phrenic nerve?

A

C3 C4 C5 dermatomes

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11
Q

What nerves make up the phrenic nerve?

A

C3 C4 C5 keep the diaphragm alive!!

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12
Q

Visceral pleura stretch receptors

A

autonomic nerves that go along the parasympathetic pathway

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13
Q

what fissure separates the upper from the middle lobe in the right lung?

A

the horizontal fissure

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14
Q

What fissure separates the middle from the lower lobe in the right lung?

A

the oblique fissure

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15
Q

The left lung only has a upper and lower lobe separate by the horizontal fissure. T/F

A

false, they are separated by the oblique fissure

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16
Q

What is unique about the left lung?

A

it only has two lobes and on the medial inferior edge there is a lingula (little tongue).

17
Q

Airway passage pathway from inhalation

A

trachea, carina, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi and so on

18
Q

The left lung has how many primary bronchi?

and how many secondary bronchi?

A
  • 1 primary-which is more horizontal and longer than the right side
  • 2 secondary due to having 2 lobes
19
Q

The right lung has how many primary bronchi?

and how many secondary bronchi?

A
  • 1 primary- which is more vertical compared to the left

- 3 secondary due to having 3 lobes

20
Q

The # of tertiary bronchi relates to what?

A

the # number of bronchopulmonary segments which matches the lobular structure of the lungs

21
Q

Broncho dilation is innervated by what?

A

sympathetic via epinephrine and also increases blood flow to lungs to get more oxygen. This will cause vasoconstriction in GI, skin, etc to increase the vascular pressure near the lungs and heart.

22
Q

What causes broncho constriction?

A

innervation of the parasympathetic via the Vagus nerve (CN5)

23
Q

Bronchioles have what two things that are important in broncho constriction?

A

Cartilage and smooth muscle

24
Q

Terminal bronchioles lack cartilage, why is the a dangerous implication?

A

becomes a problem in patients with COPD and asthma because the smooth muscle can completely collapse the terminal bronchioles.

25
Q

What is the site of most gas exchange?

A

Alveolar sacs

26
Q

Do pulmonary arteries have oxygenated blood or deoxygenated blood?

A

deoxygenated blood!! only arteries that are this way in the body

27
Q

pulmonary veins are oxygen rich or oxygen poor?

A

oxygen rich!! only veins that are this way in the body

28
Q

What are the 3 things that pass thru the diaphragm?

A

esophagus, IVC and descending aorta

29
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm?

A

to increase the volume of the lungs

30
Q

When the diaphragm is relaxed what happens?

A

the volume decreases and the pressure increases thus air goes out until pressure reaches atmospheric levels

31
Q

When the diaphragm is flexed what happens?

A

the volume increases and the pressure decreases thus air comes in until pressure reaches atmospheric levels

32
Q

what are the accessory muscle of respiration?

A

intercostals and serratus anterior move ribs like a bucket pain handle out and up thus increases volume

33
Q

external intercostals do what for breathing

A

help with quick inhalation

34
Q

what do internal intercostals and inner most intercostals do for breathing?

A

help with quick exhalation

35
Q

what accessory muscles lift rib cage superiorly?

A

scalenes and sternocleidomastoid

anatomy lecture (16 decks)

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