Respiratory week 3 Flashcards
What are the two pleural membranes?
Parietal and Visceral pleura
What is it called when you break the seal of the two membranes?
pneumothorax aka collapsed lung
What are the four parietal pleura areas?
Cervical
Costal
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal
What is the purpose of serous fluid?
allows sliding of the parietal and visceral membranes and holds them together
what is the hilum and what is the significance?
the root of the lung where bronchi and arteries and veins enter or leave.
*Parietal and Visceral pleura are contiguous here and where one becomes the other**
What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?
a space where during inhalation can fill with fluid
Why can you pin point pain in the costal and cervical regions of the parietal pleura?
they have somatic innervation and thus pain receptors via the intercostal nerves
The phrenic nerve is the only somatic nerve that refers pain. T/F
True
Can you pin point pain in the diaphragmatic and mediastinal parietal pleura?
No, because the phrenic nerve refers pain but still have pain receptors
Where would you feel referred pain from the phrenic nerve?
C3 C4 C5 dermatomes
What nerves make up the phrenic nerve?
C3 C4 C5 keep the diaphragm alive!!
Visceral pleura stretch receptors
autonomic nerves that go along the parasympathetic pathway
what fissure separates the upper from the middle lobe in the right lung?
the horizontal fissure
What fissure separates the middle from the lower lobe in the right lung?
the oblique fissure
The left lung only has a upper and lower lobe separate by the horizontal fissure. T/F
false, they are separated by the oblique fissure
What is unique about the left lung?
it only has two lobes and on the medial inferior edge there is a lingula (little tongue).
Airway passage pathway from inhalation
trachea, carina, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi and so on
The left lung has how many primary bronchi?
and how many secondary bronchi?
- 1 primary-which is more horizontal and longer than the right side
- 2 secondary due to having 2 lobes
The right lung has how many primary bronchi?
and how many secondary bronchi?
- 1 primary- which is more vertical compared to the left
- 3 secondary due to having 3 lobes
The # of tertiary bronchi relates to what?
the # number of bronchopulmonary segments which matches the lobular structure of the lungs
Broncho dilation is innervated by what?
sympathetic via epinephrine and also increases blood flow to lungs to get more oxygen. This will cause vasoconstriction in GI, skin, etc to increase the vascular pressure near the lungs and heart.
What causes broncho constriction?
innervation of the parasympathetic via the Vagus nerve (CN5)
Bronchioles have what two things that are important in broncho constriction?
Cartilage and smooth muscle
Terminal bronchioles lack cartilage, why is the a dangerous implication?
becomes a problem in patients with COPD and asthma because the smooth muscle can completely collapse the terminal bronchioles.
