Digestive system Part I week 4

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of the peritoneum

Answer 1

parietal
visceral
mesentery

Question 2

What is mesentery?

Answer 2

it is where two “visceral peritoneum” touch each other with nothing inbetween

Question 3

What are the two types of mesentery?

Answer 3

Greater and Lesser omentum

Question 4

Where does the lesser omentum attach? and what unique structure does it have in it?

Answer 4

conncects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and is the site of the omental bursa or hole connecting greater and lesser sacs

Question 5

Where does the greater omentum attach

Answer 5

greater curvature laying over small intestines

Question 6

What is the greater sac?

Answer 6

it is the space anterior to the greater and lesser omentums

Question 7

What is the lesser sac?

Answer 7

it is the space posterior to the greater and lesser omentums

Question 8

What does intraperitoneal mean? and what organs are in this location?

Answer 8

covered in peritoneum, associated with mesentery

-stomach, jejunum, ileum, some of duodenum, spleen, liver, gallbladder, appendix, transverse and sigmoid colon.

Question 9

Primary retroperitoneal

and the organs in this location?

Answer 9

develops and stays behind (retro) the peritoneum

-kidneys and suprarenal glands

Question 10

Secondary retroperitoneal and the organs in this loaction

Answer 10

oringinates within but merges back into peritoneum

-duodenum(descending,horizontal, ascending), pancrease, colon, ascending and descending, rectum

Question 11

Where is the transpyloric plane?

Answer 11

roughly 9th rib, which is the level of the pyloris and forms transverse line the divide the thorax into quadrants

Question 12

Parts of the stomach

Answer 12

Cardia, fundus, body, lesser curvature, greater curvature, pylorus
-inside the body of stomach there are longitudinal rugal folds

Question 13

what is the function of the stomach?

Answer 13

primarily digestion (proteases), with some absorption and connects to the liver via lesser omentum

Question 14

Lesser omentum ligaments and foramen

Answer 14

hepatogastric
hepatoduodenal
epiploic foramen

Question 15

Epiploic foramen

Answer 15

connects the greater and lesser sacs

Question 16

What are the three components of the portal triad?

Answer 16

Bile duct, portal vein, and proper hepatic artery

Question 17

What does the portal triad travel through?

Answer 17

the hepatoduodenal ligament, and cover the epiploic foramen

Question 18

Duodenum location

Answer 18

1st part of small intestine, runs from right upper quadrant to left upper quadrant

Question 19

duodenum parts and important features

Answer 19

1st. part superior
2nd.part descending
3rd. part horizontal **goes under SMA
4th. part ascending
***2nd and 3rd parts are secondary peritoneal and the division between 2nd and 3rd is division of foregut and midgut
1st and 4th are intraperitoneal

Question 20

Function of duodenum and internal folds

Answer 20

• *release bile, bicarbonate, and pancreatic enzymes via ampulla a vater aka major duodenal papilla
• minor duodenal papilla releases pancreatic enzymes
• • circular internal folds with Brunner’s glands

Question 21

Jejunum and Ileum location and function

Answer 21

• runs left upper quadrant to right lower quadrant with no distinct line separating the two. Just know jejunum comes after duodenum and ileum goes into colon.
• site of nutrient absorpion

Question 22

Jejunum fold types

Answer 22

large circular folds

Question 23

ileum folds and distinct anatomy

Answer 23

payer’s patches and small circular folds

Question 24

Large intestine/Colon function

Answer 24

absorption, especially water

Question 25

parts to know in large intestine

Answer 25

cecum, appendix, ascending colon, right(hepatic) flexure, transverse colon, left (splenic) flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, ileocecal valve, tania, coli, haustra, semilunar folds, epiploic appendices

Question 26

function of liver and location

Answer 26

production of bile, hormones, enzymes, filtering of blood, lots more, located in right upper quadrant

Question 27

liver anatomy

Answer 27

right and left lobes separated by falciform ligament and most inferior is the round ligament(fetal umbilical vein)

Question 28

Gall bladder function and location

Answer 28

storage and concentration of bile

located right under right lobe of liver and connects to liver and ampulla of vater

Question 29

what ducts flow into major duodenal papilla

Answer 29

cystic duct (from gallbladder) into common hepatic forming bile duct and then pancreatic duct flows into bile duct before entering major duodenal papilla.

Question 30

what does the pancreas do?

Answer 30

production of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate

Question 31

function of spleen

Answer 31

removes blood cells, and is involved in immune function

Question 32

function of kidneys

Answer 32

filters blood, produces urine

Question 33

function of adrenal glands

Answer 33

stress response, sex hormones, metabolism, immune system, etc,