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anatomy lecture > Cardiovascular week 3 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three different inferior mediastinums?

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

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2
Q

Boundary of the inferior mediastinum

A

sternal angle -T4 line down to diaphragm

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3
Q

What is in the anterior mediastinum

A

thymus

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4
Q

What is in the middle mediastinum

A

heart

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5
Q

What is in the posterior mediastinum

A

Veins
Arteries
Nerves-sympathetic trunk
Lymphatics

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6
Q

Superior mediastinum

A

1st rib to sternal angle or T4

infection via the danger space

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7
Q

Sympathetic trunk of the posterior mediastinum

A

Pre-ganglionic axons, post-ganglionic neurons destined for sweat glands, head, neck, heart and lungs

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8
Q

Greater splanchnic nerve (posterior mediastinum)

A

T5 to T9
These originate in the lateral horn
They course thru but do not synapse in the T5-T9 ganglia but with pre-aortic ganglion
-they gather and course down to the abdomenie: celiac or superior mesenteric ganglion

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9
Q

Lesser splanchnic nerve

A

T10-T11
These originate in the lateral horn
**They course thru but DO NOT synapse in the T10-T11 ganglia but rather synapse with pre-aortic ganglion
ie: celiac or superior mesenteric ganglion

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10
Q

Least splanchnic nerve

A

T12
These originate in the lateral horn
**They course thru BUT DO NOT synapse in the T12 ganglion but rather with the pre aortic ganglion
ie: aorticorenal ganglia

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11
Q

Azygos system of veins

A

Accessory hemiazygos veins (Starts around T5)
Azygos vein (around T4)
Hemiazygos vein

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12
Q

What drains into into the azygos vein?

A

Posterior intercostal veins

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13
Q

What drains into the internal thoracic vein?

A

anterior intercostal veins

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14
Q

Is it possible for the anterior and posterior intercostal veins to anastomose?

A

yes

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15
Q

Thoracic lymphatic duct

A

drains lymph from all tissues of the body except the right side of head, neck, chest and arm.
Bulge near diaphragm is the cisterna chyli

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16
Q

What arteries come off the descending aorta that feed the posterior thoracic cavity?

A

posterior intercostal arteries

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17
Q

What arteries come off the internal thoracic artery?

A

anterior intercostal arteries

18
Q

Where do the internal thoracic arteries come from?

A

subclavian arteries

19
Q

What are important things around T4

A

trachea and primary bronchi
pulmonary arteries
aortic arch

20
Q

The brachiocephalic trunk branches into what two arteries?

A

R. common carotid

R. subclavian

21
Q

The left branch of aorta is what?

A

Left common carotid
Left subclavian
descending aorta
NO left subclavian artery***

22
Q

True/False

You have both a right and left brachiocephalic vein but only a right brachiocephalic artery?

A

True

23
Q

What are the three layers that surround the heart from superficial to deep

A

fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium

24
Q

The pericardial space is between what two serous layers?

A

Parietal pericardium

Visceral pericardium

25
Q

What are the 3 ways blood gets into the right atrium?

A

SVC
IVC
Coronary sinus

26
Q

What are the 3 names of the valve that separate the left atrium and ventricle?

A

bicuspid
mitral
left AV

27
Q

What are the two anatomical structures that are important associated with the AV valves?

A

Chordae tendinae
Papillary muscles
These tighten with blood is forced out of the ventricles!!

28
Q

What is the S1 sound?

A

the AV valves closing

29
Q

What is the function of the semilunar valves?

A

to prevent the blood from flowing back into the ventricles

30
Q

What is the S2 sound?

A

the semilunar valves closing

31
Q

What does diastole mean?

A

ventricular filing

32
Q

what does systole mean?

A

Ventricular contraction

think systole=squeeze

33
Q

Where do you listen to the S2 and S1 sounds

A

S2 at second rib on either side of sternal angle
aortic valve on right of sternum and pulmonary valve on left of sternum
S1 at the fifth rib just left of sternal body
Tricuspid valve more medial and bicuspid more lateral.
Remember All Politicians Take Bribes
A= aortic P= pulmonary T=tricuspid
B=bicuspid

34
Q

Coronary circulation on the right?

A

Right coronary artery to right marginal artery and posteriorly to the Posterior descending artery (PDA)

35
Q

Coronary circulation on the left?

A

Left coronary artery splits into the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the left circumflex artery

36
Q

What are the two cardiac veins?

A

the Great cardiac vein (anterior)
The middle cardiac vein (posterior)
these flow into the coronary sinus which then flows into the right atrium

37
Q

sympathetic innervation of the heart

A

vasodialation and increased heart rate with increases in force of contractions
via: thoracic sympathetic cardiac nerve (T1-T4)
and cervical sympathetic cardiac nerve(T1)
**nerve path:T1-T4 (T5) sympathetic chain to cervical and thoracic sympathetic nerve.

38
Q

parasympathetic innervation of the heart

A

vasoconstriction, decreases heart rate, decreases force of contraction.
**nerve path: Medulla to vagus nerve to intramural ganglion

39
Q

conduction of heart

A

Sinuatrial node to AtrioVentricular node to Bundle of HIS

40
Q

What happens when the heart suffers damage?

A

visceral sensory follows the visceral sympathetic motor (T1-T4) and thus you have referred pain from the dermatomes of T1-T4
when it follows the vagus nerve route can causes tooth, neck and jaw pain

anatomy lecture (16 decks)

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