The Muscular System Flashcards
The properties of muscle cells include?
- Excitability (responisve)
- Contractility (shorten forcibly)
- Estensibility (stretch)
- Elasticity (return to rest)
List the functions of our muscles.
- movement
- stability
- generates heat
- additional functions
Descirbe muscle movement.
- Muscles, attatched to bones by tendons, contract to move our body.
- facial expressions, lovomotion, peristalsis, etc.
Describe muscle stability.
- maintains posure against gravity
- stabilizes joints
How do muscles generate heat?
ATP powers muscle contraction, energy is lost as heat.
What are the additional functions of muscles?
- protects organs
- regulates the passage of substances (dilate and constrict).
What are the three types of muscles?
1) Skeletal
2) Cardian
3) Smooth
How do muscle tissues differ?
Muscle tissues differ in:
- their cells structure
- body location
- how they are stimulated to contract
What is the skeletal muscle attatched to?
the skeleton
Is the skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary movement? What can it be?
- voluntary
- can be reflexive
What do the cells look like? (Skeletal Muscle).
Long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells (largest type).
Do skeletal muscles respond quickly or slowly? Do they tire quickly?
- quickly
- tire easily
____of fibers bundled together by____ _____ to make a _____.
- thousands
- connective
- tissue
- fascicle
Many fascicles make up a ____?
muscle
Do smooth muscles have voluntary or involuntary movements?
involuntary
Where are smooth muscles found? Give examples.
- found mainly in walls of hollow, visceral orga
- such as the stomach, bladder, respiratory passages, etc.
Smooth muscles line____in the body?
pathways
Ex. esophagus
Are smooth muscles a single or multiple nucleus?
single
How many types of smooth muscle are there?
- 2 types
- circular and longitudinal
How do smooth muscles contract?
Alternatively contract the change size and shape of organ.
Where are cardiac muscles found?
The heart
Are cardiac muscles voluntary or involuntary in their movements?
involuntary
Are cardiac muscles single or double nucleus?
single
What is the shape of a cardia muscle?
spiral or figure 8 shape.
What does contraction of a cardiac muscle cause?
The chambers in the heart ot be smaller.
What is the contraction of a cardiac muscle controlled by?
a pacemaker in the heart.
Direction of fibre?
- rectus (straight)
- oblique (at a slant)
Relative size of muscle?
- maximus (largest)
- minimus (smallest)
- longus (long)
Location of muscle?
named for bone association
Number of origins?
*attatchment to immovable bone
> bi-
> tri-
> quad-
Shape of muscle?
-deltoid (triangular)
Action of muscle?
- felxor
- extensor (vastus)
- adductor (toward centre of body)
Location of muscles origin and insertion?
-attatchment to moveable bone.
Thorax?
- Pectoralis (major and minor)
- Rhomboids
- Lattissimus Dorsi
Abdominal?
- Rectus Adbominals
- External Oblique
- Internal Oblique
- Transverse Abdominals
Shoulders?
- Trapezius
- Deltoid
Arm?
- Triceps Brachii
- Biceps Brachii
Leg?
- Gluteus (maximus, medius, minimus)
- Hamstrings
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
