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HS > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What is exocrine?

A

releases products (enzymes) into ducts

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2
Q

What is endocrine

A

directly to bloodstream; no ducts

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3
Q

What are glands?

A

release products to bloodstream directly

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4
Q

What are hormones?

A

products deliver messaages to body

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5
Q

What are target cells?

A

have specific receptors for specific hormones

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6
Q

What is the hypothalamus (what do the hormones it makes control and where are these hormones stored)?

A

the hypthalamus makes hormones that control the pituitary gland
stored in the pituitary gland

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7
Q

What does the pituitary gland produce?

A

hormones that regulate many of the other endocrine glands

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8
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there?

A

4

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9
Q

What do the parathyroid release? What does it do?

A
  • parathyroid hormone

- regulates the level of calcium in the blood

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10
Q

What does the thymus release during childhood? What does it do?

A
  • thymosin

- stimulates T-cell development

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11
Q

What do the adrenal glands release? What does this help the body deal with?

A
  • epinephrine and nonepinephrine

- helps body deal with stress

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12
Q

What does the pineal gland release and what is it involved in?

A

-release melatonin

involved in rhythmic activities, such as daily sleep-wake cycles

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13
Q

What does the thyroid do and what does this regulate?

A
  • thyroxine

- regulates metabolism

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14
Q

What does the pancreas produce and what does this regulate?

A
  • produce insulin and glucagon

- regulate the level of glucose in blood

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15
Q

What does the ovaries produce? What are these things required for?

A
  • produce estrogen and progesterone
  • estrogen: required for the development of secondary sex characteristics and for the developement of eggs
  • progesterone: prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg
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16
Q

What do the testes produce? What is it responsible for?

A
  • testosterone

- responsible for sperm production and the development of male secondary sex characteristics

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17
Q

What does the master gland control?

A

controls the other endocrine glands

18
Q

What happens if there is too much or too little growth hormone?

A
  • gigantism

- dwarfism

19
Q

What does antidiuretic do?

A

stimulates kidneys to keep water

20
Q

The hypothalamus is….part of the____attatched to____.

A
  • brain

- pituitary

21
Q

The hypothalamus controls____secretions.

A

-pituitary

22
Q

What does the thyroid regulate?

A

metabolism and energy balance

23
Q

What are the two thyroid hormones and what do they do?

A
  • thyroxine (regulates body energy use)

- calcitonin (one hormone that regulates calcium and phosphate in blood)

24
Q

What do PTH (parathyroid hormones) increase?

A

calcium, phosphate, and magnesium absorption in intestines

25
Q

PTH causes bones to release____and____

A

calcium

phosphate

26
Q

PTH causes removal of____and____from____by____.

A
  • calcium
  • magnesium
  • urine
  • kidneys
27
Q

What increases the making of Vitamin D in body?

A

PTH

28
Q

What does our body use feedback mechanism to maintain?

A

homeostasis within our body

29
Q

What are the parts of the adrenal gland (or kidney???) confused…. also, what do they do?

A

cortex (produces more than 2 dozen steroid hromones called corticosteriods)
medulla (fight or flight, epinphrine and nonepinephrine)

30
Q

What are the two ways to regulate glucose?

A

1) eating regularly

2) hormone adjustments

31
Q

What did the pancrease do in digestion?

A

secreted enzymes

32
Q

Does the pancrease release hormones?

A

yes

33
Q

What do pancreatic hormones regulate?

A

blood sugar level before and after meales

34
Q

What are islets?

A

clusters of cells in pancreas

35
Q

Islets:

Alpha?

A

secrete glucagon (increase in sugar)

36
Q

Islets:

Beta?

A

secrete insulin (decrease sugar)

37
Q 
What happens between meals?
Glucose level?
Pancrease secretes what?
Liver changes what?
Glucose sent where?
A

blood glucose low –>pancrease secretes glucagon–> liver changes glycogen to glucose–> glucose sent to target tissues

38
Q

What happens after a meal?
Glucose level?
Pancrease secretes what?
Glucose goves where?

A

blood glucose high–>pancrease secretes insulin–>glucose goes to the liver (glycogen) and goes to target tissues

39
Q

Diabetes: are sugar levels in blood high or low?

A

high

40
Q

What do diabetics not produce enough of to control blood sugar?

A

insulin

41
Q

What do they have to have injections of (diabetes)?

A

insulin

42
Q

What de the reproductive glands produce? What do they secrete? Male and female examples.

A
  • gametes
  • sex hormones
  • female: ovaries, estrogen
  • male: testes, testosterone

HS (18 decks)

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