Blood Flashcards
What is the clear yellowish fluid portion of the blood?
plasma
How much of the blood does plasma make up?
54-55%
How much of plasma is water?
90%
Does plasma contain dissolved molecules?
yes
What does plasma transport?
proteins
Does plasma contain antibodies or starch?
antibodies
True or false: is plasma a transporter substance?
true
What are the most numerous of the blood cells?
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
Where are RBC produced?
bone marrow, particularily in that of the ribs and vertebrae
Do erythrocytes contain a nucleus or mitochondria?
no
What is the life expectancy of a RBC?
2-4 months
What is the red-coloured protein the RBCs contain?
hemoglobin
What is the job of hemoglobin?
binds to oxygen
Can RBC reproduce on their own?
no
What is hemoglobin responsible for?
the transport of oxygen
Who is oxygen saturation monitored by?
health care workers
What are normal blood oxygen levels?
95-100%
What happens if your blood oxygen levels are below 90%?
hypoxia (low levels of O2 in blood)
What happens if your blood oxygen levels are below 80%?
compromised organ function; must be addressed immediately!
What are Thrombocytes (Platelets)?
cell fragments (not true cells)
How do platelets float in blood?
passively
How long do platelets live for?
7-11 days
What do platelets collect and stick to?
cut blood vessels
What are platelets responsible for?
clotting
What protein do platelets release?
fibrin
Where are Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) produced?
- bone marrow
- lymph nodes
- thymus
- spleen
Which blood cell is an important component of the body’s immune system?
WBC
In what fashion do WBCs move about?
amoeboid fashion, squeezing through capillary walls and in between body cells
Do WBCs contain a nuclei? What does this mean?
- yes
- this means that they can reproduce
How many less WBCs are there than RBCs?
(1/500-1000)
When do numbers of WBCs fluctuate?
when fighting an infection
How long can WBCs live for?
moths or years (immunity)
What are the different types of Leukocytes (WBCS)?
- Lymphocytes
- Neutrophils
- Monocytes
- Basophils
What are lymphocytes?
Recognize disease causing organisms (production of antibodies) and alert body.
What are neutrophils?
Surround and kill invaders using phagocytoses (lysomes destroy invadors and WBC). Remains of these WBCs may form pus.
What do monocytes become?
macrophages (long-term clean up crew)
WHat do basophils release?
histamine (vasodilator) and an anticoagulant.
What do the plasma membranes of RBCs bear?
genetically determined proteins (antigens)
What are antigens?
a substance that the body recognizes as foreign and stimulates an immune response against it
What are antibodies?
found in the plasma and bind to specific antigens, fight against them and clump them up
basically they destroy them
True or false: introduction of foreing antigens in the blood can be fatal?
true
What is agglutination? What can this lead to and what does it prevent?
- binding of the antibodies to the antigens results in clumping of fireign RBCs
- leads to clogging of small blood vessels
- prevents the flow of oxygen to tissues
What does the binding of antibodies to antigens help your body to do? What does this release into the bloodstream?
recognize these cells as foreign; your body will work to lyse them which releases hemoglobin into the blood stream?
True or False: is hemoglobin too big to fit in kidney tubles?
true (this can result in blockages in your kidneys that will cause kidney failure and death)
What antigen does each blood group contain?
A: A antigen
B: B antigen
AB: A and B antigen
O: None
What antibodies does each blood group contain?
A: Anti-B
B: Anti-A
AB: None
O: Anti-A and Anti-B
True or False: if a reaction occurs (clumping) the antigen specific for that antibody is present?
True
What does Anti-A serum contain?
A antiobodies
What does Anti-B serum contain?
B antibodies
What does Anti-Rh serum contain?
Rh antibodies
Example: Determine the Blood Type
Anti A serum: clumping
Anti B serum: clumping
Anto Rh serum: clumping
AB+
Example: Determine the Blood Type
Anti A serum: no clumping
Anti B serum: no clumping
Anti Rh serum: no clumping
O-
What type of blood can A donate to?
A, AB
What type of blood can B donate to?
B, AB
What type of blood can AB donate to?
AB
What type of blood can O donate to?
A, B, AB, Oq
What type of blood can A receive from?
A, O
What type of blood can B receive from?
B, O
What type of blood can AB receive from?
A, B, AB, O
What type of blood can O receive from?
O
If you have negative blood, can you receive from positive blood?
no
If you have positive blood, can you receive from negative blood?
yes
What is the most serious Rh incompatibility?
occurs when a Rh- mother is carrying an Rh+ baby
Is the first baby usually born healthy (Rh incompatibility between mother and child)? What does the child expose the mother to?
- yes
- the child has exposed the mother to the Rh+ antigen
What does the mother need to be injected with shortly after childbirth? What does this do?
- mother needs to be injected with injection of anti-Rh+ antibodies (RhoGAM)
- tricks her body into thinking it was not exposed to Rh+ antigens
What happens if the anti-Rh+ does not occur?
the second Rh+ child is at risk of attack from the mother’s Rh+ antibodies (through placenta)
If the mother’s Rh+ antibodies attack the baby through the placenta, what does it result in?
hemolytic disease of the newborn (the mother’s antibodies are destroying the baby’s RBCs)
What can hemolytic disease cause?
brain damage and death unless fetal transfusions are done before birth to give them more RBCs
Trace cycle of Rh compatibility in mother.
1) Mother is exposed to Rh atigens at the birth of her Rh+ baby
2) Mother makes anti-Rh antibodies
3) During the mother’s next pregnancy, Rh antibodies can cross the placenta and endanger the baby
