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HS > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What do the nose and nasal passages contain?

A

cilia and mucous

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2
Q

What does mucous do?

A

catches bacteria and other foreign debris

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3
Q

What does cilia do?

A

move mucous posteriorly towards the pharynx to be swallowed and digested

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4
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

upper part of throat

common pathway for food and air

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5
Q

What does the epiglottis open to allow?

A

to allow air into the larynx

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6
Q

What is the epiglottis :) ? What does it prevent?

A
  • Guardian of the airways

- prevents food from entering larynx

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7
Q

What is the larynx?

A

The voice box

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8
Q

What does the larynx contain?

A
  • vocal cords

- glottis

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9
Q

What is the trachea?

A

windpipe

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10
Q

What are the walls of the trachea reinforced with?

A

c-shaped rings of cartilage that keep the tube open during breathing

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11
Q

What are the walls of the trachea lined with?

A

ciliated mucosa that beat in the opposite direction of airflow

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12
Q

What do the bronchi lead into?

A

the lungs

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13
Q

What kind of air do the bronchi contain?

A

warm, clean, and humidified air

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14
Q

What are the lungs surrounded by?

A

surrounded by two pleura (membranes) that allow tungs to glide over thoracic wall

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15
Q

What are the bronchioles?

A

last (and smallest) branch of the bronchi

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16
Q

What are the bronchioles reinforced with?

A

cartilage

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17
Q

What are the alveoli surrounded by?

A

capillaries

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18
Q

How many cell layers thick are the alveoli?

A

one

19
Q

What connect alveoli?

A

pores

20
Q

What is the diaphragm important in?

A

breathing

21
Q

What is breathing?

A

air moves into and out of the lungs to refresh air in alveoli

22
Q

What is external respiration?

A

oxygen diffuses across the moist surgace of the lungs into the blood vessels (and carbon dioxide leaves).

23
Q

What is respiratory gas transport? (two things)

A
  • oxygen is transported to tissues from the lungst by the circulatory system.
  • carbon dioxide is transported from tissues to lungs by the circulatory system
24
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

tissues take up oxygen from blood and release carbon dioxide to the blood

25
Q

What is the respiratory surface?

A

the aprt of an animal where oxygen diffuses into the animal and carbon dioxide diffuses to the surrounding environment

26
Q

Volume changes lead to___changes, which lead to the flow of____to equalize the____.

A
  • pressure
  • gases
  • pressure
27
Q

How does the brain detect the rate of breathing?

A

by responding to internal stimuli that indicate how much oxygen the body needs.

28
Q

What happens in inhalation? 3 things

A
  • the diaphragm contracts (moves down)
  • chest cavity expands, which causes the lungs to expand (increase in volume;decrease in pressure)
  • air moves into the lungs
29
Q

What happens in exhalation? 4 things

A
  • passive process
  • diaphragm relaxes (moves up)
  • decreases size of chestcavvity, which causes the lungs to revoil (decrease in volume; increase in pressure)
  • air flows out of the lungs
30
Q

What is the area at the back of the throat where the mouth and nasal cavity meet?

A

pharynx

31
Q

The trachea divides into these right and left branches?

A

bronchi

32
Q

Opening to the windpipe?

A

glottis

33
Q

Contains the vocal cords?

A

larynx

34
Q

Tiny air sacs where the exchange of gases between air and blood takes place?

A

alveoli

35
Q

Flat sheet of muscle separating the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity?

A

diaphragm

36
Q

Inflammation of the lining of the bronchia tubes?

A

bronchitis

37
Q

Smaller branches of the bronchi?

A

bronchioles

38
Q

Flap of tissue which prevents food from entering windpipe during swallowing?

A

epiglottis

39
Q

Tube leading from larynx to bronchi?

A

trachea

40
Q

Blood vessels surrounding air sacs?

A

capillaries

41
Q

Moist membrance covering the lung and chest cavity wall of each side?

A

pleura

42
Q

Infection of the lungs caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi?

A

pneumonia

43
Q

Bronchial spasm resulting in decreased air movement and air trapped in alveoli?

A

asthma

HS (18 decks)

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