Respiratory System Flashcards
What do the nose and nasal passages contain?
cilia and mucous
What does mucous do?
catches bacteria and other foreign debris
What does cilia do?
move mucous posteriorly towards the pharynx to be swallowed and digested
What is the pharynx?
upper part of throat
common pathway for food and air
What does the epiglottis open to allow?
to allow air into the larynx
What is the epiglottis :) ? What does it prevent?
- Guardian of the airways
- prevents food from entering larynx
What is the larynx?
The voice box
What does the larynx contain?
- vocal cords
- glottis
What is the trachea?
windpipe
What are the walls of the trachea reinforced with?
c-shaped rings of cartilage that keep the tube open during breathing
What are the walls of the trachea lined with?
ciliated mucosa that beat in the opposite direction of airflow
What do the bronchi lead into?
the lungs
What kind of air do the bronchi contain?
warm, clean, and humidified air
What are the lungs surrounded by?
surrounded by two pleura (membranes) that allow tungs to glide over thoracic wall
What are the bronchioles?
last (and smallest) branch of the bronchi
What are the bronchioles reinforced with?
cartilage
What are the alveoli surrounded by?
capillaries
How many cell layers thick are the alveoli?
one
What connect alveoli?
pores
What is the diaphragm important in?
breathing
What is breathing?
air moves into and out of the lungs to refresh air in alveoli
What is external respiration?
oxygen diffuses across the moist surgace of the lungs into the blood vessels (and carbon dioxide leaves).
What is respiratory gas transport? (two things)
- oxygen is transported to tissues from the lungst by the circulatory system.
- carbon dioxide is transported from tissues to lungs by the circulatory system
What is internal respiration?
tissues take up oxygen from blood and release carbon dioxide to the blood
What is the respiratory surface?
the aprt of an animal where oxygen diffuses into the animal and carbon dioxide diffuses to the surrounding environment
Volume changes lead to___changes, which lead to the flow of____to equalize the____.
- pressure
- gases
- pressure
How does the brain detect the rate of breathing?
by responding to internal stimuli that indicate how much oxygen the body needs.
What happens in inhalation? 3 things
- the diaphragm contracts (moves down)
- chest cavity expands, which causes the lungs to expand (increase in volume;decrease in pressure)
- air moves into the lungs
What happens in exhalation? 4 things
- passive process
- diaphragm relaxes (moves up)
- decreases size of chestcavvity, which causes the lungs to revoil (decrease in volume; increase in pressure)
- air flows out of the lungs
What is the area at the back of the throat where the mouth and nasal cavity meet?
pharynx
The trachea divides into these right and left branches?
bronchi
Opening to the windpipe?
glottis
Contains the vocal cords?
larynx
Tiny air sacs where the exchange of gases between air and blood takes place?
alveoli
Flat sheet of muscle separating the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity?
diaphragm
Inflammation of the lining of the bronchia tubes?
bronchitis
Smaller branches of the bronchi?
bronchioles
Flap of tissue which prevents food from entering windpipe during swallowing?
epiglottis
Tube leading from larynx to bronchi?
trachea
Blood vessels surrounding air sacs?
capillaries
Moist membrance covering the lung and chest cavity wall of each side?
pleura
Infection of the lungs caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi?
pneumonia
Bronchial spasm resulting in decreased air movement and air trapped in alveoli?
asthma
