The Muscular System Flashcards
The action of certain muscles in pulling a leg, arm, etc away from the median axis of the body.
Abduction
A globulin that is present in muscle plasma and that in connection with myosin plays an important role in muscle contraction.
Actin
To draw or pull (a leg, arm, etc) towards the median axis of the body.
Adduction
Characterized by either a complete response or by a total lack of response or effect, depending on the strength of the stimulus.
All or none response
A muscle that acts in opposition to another.
Antagonist
A wasting away of an organ or part, or a failure to grow to normal size as the result of disease, faulty nutrition, etc
Atrophy
A pouch, sac, or vesicle, especially a sac containing synovia, to facilitate motion, as between a tendon and a bone.
Bursa
Movement of a part in a circular direction.
Circumduction
Flexion towards the back.
Dorsiflexion
A pulling or dragging force exerted on a limb in a distal direction.
Extension
A turning or being turned outward or inside out.
Eversion
Physical or mental weariness resulting from exertion.
Fatigue
The act of bending a joint or limb.
Flexion
An abnormal enlargement of a part or organ; excessive growth.
Hypertrophy
Abnormally low body temperature.
Hypothermia
The insertion of the bone is the end of the bone attaching to a joint.
Insertion bone
Located or occurring between the ribs.
Intercostal
The act of inverting or the state of being inverted.
Inversion
Acting independently of or done or occurring without volition: involuntary muscles.
Involuntary
An increase in muscular tension without a change in muscle length.
Isometric contraction
When a muscle becomes longer or shorter to produce force.
Isotonic Contraction
A neuron that conveys impulses from the central nervous system to a muscle, gland, or other effector tissue.
Motor neuron
A single somatic motor neuron and the group of muscle fibers innervated by it.
Motor unit
Any of the ultramicroscopic filaments, made up of actin and myosin, that are the structural units of a myofibril.
Myofilaments
The principal contractile protein of muscle.
Myosin
The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies.
Neuromuscular junction
Not striated; unstriped, as certain muscular tissue.
Non-striated
the beginning, starting-point, cause, or ultimate source of a bone.
Origin bone
The amount of extra oxygen required by muscle tissue to oxidize lactic acid and replenish depleted ATP and phosphocreatine following vigorous exercise.
Oxygen debt
Loss or impairment of voluntary movement or sensation in a part of the body, usually as a result of neurologic injury or disease.
Paralysis
A term used to describe an action (bending) of the plantaris muscle (flexor). In plantar flexion, the foot and toes are pointed downward away from the body.
Plantar flexion
A position or attitude of the limbs or body
Posture
The original or primary force .
Prime mover
Rotation of the hand or forearm so that the surface of the palm is facing downward or toward the back ( opposed to supination ).
Pronation
The act of rotating; a turning around as on an axis.
Rotation
One of the segments into which a fibril of striated muscle is divided.
Sarcomere
Of, pertaining to, or like a skeleton.
Skeletal
Explains how the movement of thick- and thin-filaments relative to each other leads to the contraction and relaxation of whole muscles - hence ultimately to the movement of the limbs or tissues attached to those muscles:
Sliding filament theory
That which can elicit or evoke an action or response in a cell, an excitable tissue, or an organism.
Stimulus
Marked with striae; furrowed; striped; streaked.
Striated
Rotation of the hand or forearm so that the palmar surface is facing upward ( opposed to pronation ).
Supination
A body organ, medicine, etc., that cooperates with another or others to produce or enhance an effect.
Synergist
A band of tough, fibrous, inelastic tissue that connects a muscle to a bone. Tendons are made chiefly of collagen.
Tendon
Inflammation of a tendon and its enveloping sheath. Also called tendinous synovitis , tenovaginitis .
Tenosynovitis
Occurs when a motor unit has been maximally stimulated by its motor neuron. It often occurs during tetanic stimulation of the motor unit, usually muscle or nerve.
Tetanic contraction
The sustained contraction of a muscle, as is necessary for maintaining posture.
Tonic contraction
A twitch is n involuntary muscle contraction or shorting where the muscle tightens and releases usually quickly and tetanic is a continued or sustained twitch.
Twitch contraction
Normally controlled by or subject to individual volition, as of respiration.
Voluntary
A combining form meaning “equal,”
is/o
A combining form meaning “ligament ” .
ligament/o
A combining form meaning “uterus,”
metr/o
A combining form representing “muscle”.
muscul/o
A combining form meaning “muscle” .
my/o
A combining form meaning “ intermittent tonic contractions and muscular pain”.
tetan/o
A combining form meaning “flesh ”.
sarc/o
A combining form meaning “tendon”.
ten/o
A combining form with the meanings “stretching,” “tension,” “tone,”
ton/o
Resembling a tendon.
tendin/o
A combining form meaning “heat ” or “ hot” .
therm/o
