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Terminology 2 - Body Systems > The Muscular System > Flashcards

The Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

The action of certain muscles in pulling a leg, arm, etc away from the median axis of the body.

A

Abduction

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2
Q

A globulin that is present in muscle plasma and that in connection with myosin plays an important role in muscle contraction.

A

Actin

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3
Q

To draw or pull (a leg, arm, etc) towards the median axis of the body.

A

Adduction

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4
Q

Characterized by either a complete response or by a total lack of response or effect, depending on the strength of the stimulus.

A

All or none response

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5
Q

A muscle that acts in opposition to another.

A

Antagonist

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6
Q

A wasting away of an organ or part, or a failure to grow to normal size as the result of disease, faulty nutrition, etc

A

Atrophy

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7
Q

A pouch, sac, or vesicle, especially a sac containing synovia, to facilitate motion, as between a tendon and a bone.

A

Bursa

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8
Q

Movement of a part in a circular direction.

A

Circumduction

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9
Q

Flexion towards the back.

A

Dorsiflexion

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10
Q

A pulling or dragging force exerted on a limb in a distal direction.

A

Extension

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11
Q

A turning or being turned outward or inside out.

A

Eversion

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12
Q

Physical or mental weariness resulting from exertion.

A

Fatigue

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13
Q

The act of bending a joint or limb.

A

Flexion

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14
Q

An abnormal enlargement of a part or organ; excessive growth.

A

Hypertrophy

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15
Q

Abnormally low body temperature.

A

Hypothermia

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16
Q

The insertion of the bone is the end of the bone attaching to a joint.

A

Insertion bone

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17
Q

Located or occurring between the ribs.

A

Intercostal

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18
Q

The act of inverting or the state of being inverted.

A

Inversion

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19
Q

Acting independently of or done or occurring without volition: involuntary muscles.

A

Involuntary

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20
Q

An increase in muscular tension without a change in muscle length.

A

Isometric contraction

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21
Q

When a muscle becomes longer or shorter to produce force.

A

Isotonic Contraction

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22
Q

A neuron that conveys impulses from the central nervous system to a muscle, gland, or other effector tissue.

A

Motor neuron

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23
Q

A single somatic motor neuron and the group of muscle fibers innervated by it.

A

Motor unit

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24
Q

Any of the ultramicroscopic filaments, made up of actin and myosin, that are the structural units of a myofibril.

A

Myofilaments

25
Q

The principal contractile protein of muscle.

A

Myosin

26
Q

The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies.

A

Neuromuscular junction

27
Q

Not striated; unstriped, as certain muscular tissue.

A

Non-striated

28
Q

the beginning, starting-point, cause, or ultimate source of a bone.

A

Origin bone

29
Q

The amount of extra oxygen required by muscle tissue to oxidize lactic acid and replenish depleted ATP and phosphocreatine following vigorous exercise.

A

Oxygen debt

30
Q

Loss or impairment of voluntary movement or sensation in a part of the body, usually as a result of neurologic injury or disease.

A

Paralysis

31
Q

A term used to describe an action (bending) of the plantaris muscle (flexor). In plantar flexion, the foot and toes are pointed downward away from the body.

A

Plantar flexion

32
Q

A position or attitude of the limbs or body

A

Posture

33
Q

The original or primary force .

A

Prime mover

34
Q

Rotation of the hand or forearm so that the surface of the palm is facing downward or toward the back ( opposed to supination ).

A

Pronation

35
Q

The act of rotating; a turning around as on an axis.

A

Rotation

36
Q

One of the segments into which a fibril of striated muscle is divided.

A

Sarcomere

37
Q

Of, pertaining to, or like a skeleton.

A

Skeletal

38
Q

Explains how the movement of thick- and thin-filaments relative to each other leads to the contraction and relaxation of whole muscles - hence ultimately to the movement of the limbs or tissues attached to those muscles:

A

Sliding filament theory

39
Q

That which can elicit or evoke an action or response in a cell, an excitable tissue, or an organism.

A

Stimulus

40
Q

Marked with striae; furrowed; striped; streaked.

A

Striated

41
Q

Rotation of the hand or forearm so that the palmar surface is facing upward ( opposed to pronation ).

A

Supination

42
Q

A body organ, medicine, etc., that cooperates with another or others to produce or enhance an effect.

A

Synergist

43
Q

A band of tough, fibrous, inelastic tissue that connects a muscle to a bone. Tendons are made chiefly of collagen.

A

Tendon

44
Q

Inflammation of a tendon and its enveloping sheath. Also called tendinous synovitis , tenovaginitis .

A

Tenosynovitis

45
Q

Occurs when a motor unit has been maximally stimulated by its motor neuron. It often occurs during tetanic stimulation of the motor unit, usually muscle or nerve.

A

Tetanic contraction

46
Q

The sustained contraction of a muscle, as is necessary for maintaining posture.

A

Tonic contraction

47
Q

A twitch is n involuntary muscle contraction or shorting where the muscle tightens and releases usually quickly and tetanic is a continued or sustained twitch.

A

Twitch contraction

48
Q

Normally controlled by or subject to individual volition, as of respiration.

A

Voluntary

49
Q

A combining form meaning “equal,”

A

is/o

50
Q

A combining form meaning “ligament ” .

A

ligament/o

51
Q

A combining form meaning “uterus,”

A

metr/o

52
Q

A combining form representing “muscle”.

A

muscul/o

53
Q

A combining form meaning “muscle” .

A

my/o

54
Q

A combining form meaning “ intermittent tonic contractions and muscular pain”.

A

tetan/o

55
Q

A combining form meaning “flesh ”.

A

sarc/o

56
Q

A combining form meaning “tendon”.

A

ten/o

57
Q

A combining form with the meanings “stretching,” “tension,” “tone,”

A

ton/o

58
Q

Resembling a tendon.

A

tendin/o

59
Q

A combining form meaning “heat ” or “ hot” .

A

therm/o

Terminology 2 - Body Systems (15 decks)

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