The Endocrine System Flashcards
Any substance, as testosterone or androsterone, that promotes male characteristics.
Androgens
Any of the steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex or their synthetic equivalents.
Corticoids
A congenital condition due to thyroid hormone deficiency during fetal development and marked in childhood by dwarfed stature, mental retardation, dystrophy of the bones, and a low basal metabolism. Also called congenital myxedema , cretinoid dysplasia
Cretinism
A disease that occurs when your body produces too much of the hormone cortisol.
Cushing’ s syndrome
A chronic metabolic disorder characterized by intense thirst and excessive urination, caused by a deficiency of the pituitary hormone vasopressin.
Diabetes insipidus
A severe, chronic form of diabetes caused by insufficient production of insulin and resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Diabetes mellitus
Increased discharge of urine.
Diuresis
Any of various ductless glands, such as the thyroid, adrenal, or pituitary, having hormonal secretions that pass directly into the bloodstream. Also called ductless gland .
Endocrine gland
A gland, such as a sebaceous gland or sweat gland, that releases its secretions to the body’s cavities, organs, or surface through a duct.
Exocrine gland
The quality or state of being gigantic; abnormally large size.
Gigantism
A group of anti-inflammatory steroidlike compounds that are produced by the adrenal cortex.
Glucocorticoids
The formation of glucose
Gluconeogenesis
The hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose.
Glycogenolysis
A noncancerous enlargement of the thyroid gland, visible as a swelling at the front of the neck, that is often associated with iodine deficiency.
Goiter
A substance, usually a peptide or steroid, produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another to effect physiological activity, such as growth or metabolism.
Hormone
An abnormally large amount of calcium in the blood.
Hypercalcemia
An abnormally high level of glucose in the blood.
Hyperglycemia
An abnormally low level of glucose in the blood.
Hypoglycemia
The transformation of the mature ovarian follicle into a corpus luteum.
Luteinization
Any of a group of steroid hormones that are secreted by the adrenal cortex and regulate the balance of water and electrolytes in the body.
Mineralocorticoids
Mechanism of the homeostatic response by which the out put of a system suppresses or inhibits activity of the system:
Negative feedback loop
Feedback that results in amplification or growth of the output signal.
Positive feedback loop
Any of a group of hormonelike substances produced in various tissues that are derived from amino acids and mediate a range of physiological functions, such as metabolism and nerve transmission
Prostaglandins
Any of various intracellular chemical substances that transmit and amplify the messages delivered by a first messenger to specific receptors on the cell surface.
Second messenger
Lipids that act like hormones.
Steroid hormones
The endocrine system is a collection of glands that secrete chemical messages we call hormones. These signals are passed through the blood to arrive at a target organ, which has target organ cells possessing the appropriate receptor.
Target organ cell
A small, oval endocrine gland attached to the base of the vertebrate brain and consisting of an anterior and a posterior lobe. Also called hypophysis , master gland .
Pituitary glands
A small, cone-shaped endocrine organ in the posterior forebrain, secreting melatonin and involved in biorhythms and gonadal development.
Pineal glands
A two-lobed endocrine gland located in front of and on either side of the trachea and producing various hormones, such as calcitonin.
Thyroid glands
A ductless, butterfly-shaped gland lying at the base of the neck.
Thymus
A gland, situated near the stomach, that secretes a digestive fluid into the intestine through one or more ducts and also secretes the hormone insulin.
Pancreas
Irregular clusters of endocrine cells scattered throughout the tissue of the pancreas that secrete insulin and glucagon.
Islets of Langerhans
Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancrea produces glucagon .
Alpha cells
Any of the insulin-producing cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Also called B cell .
Beta cells
One of a pair of ductless glands, located above the kidneys.
Adrenal glands
One of the paired female reproductive organs that produce ova and certain sex hormones, including estrogen. Also called oophoron .
Ovaries (Gonads)
Combining word means adrenal gland
adreno/o
Combining word means adrenal gland
adrenal/o
Combining word means pituitary gland.
hypophys/o
Combining word means ovary.
oophor/o
Combining word means ovary.
ovari/o
Combining word means testis.
orch/o
Combining word means testis.
orchi/o
Combining word means pancreas.
pancreat/o
Combining word means parathyroid gland.
parathyroid/o
Combining word means pituitary gland.
pituitar/o
Combining word means tymus gland.
thym/o
Combining word means thyroid gland
thyroid/o
Combining word means testis.
orchid/o
Any of several small oval glands usually lying near or embedded in the thyroid gland.
Parathyroid glands
The male gonad or reproductive gland, either of two oval glands located in the scrotum.
Testes ( Gonad )
