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Terminology 2 - Body Systems > The Endocrine System > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Any substance, as testosterone or androsterone, that promotes male characteristics.

A

Androgens

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2
Q

Any of the steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex or their synthetic equivalents.

A

Corticoids

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3
Q

A congenital condition due to thyroid hormone deficiency during fetal development and marked in childhood by dwarfed stature, mental retardation, dystrophy of the bones, and a low basal metabolism. Also called congenital myxedema , cretinoid dysplasia

A

Cretinism

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4
Q

A disease that occurs when your body produces too much of the hormone cortisol.

A

Cushing’ s syndrome

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5
Q

A chronic metabolic disorder characterized by intense thirst and excessive urination, caused by a deficiency of the pituitary hormone vasopressin.

A

Diabetes insipidus

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6
Q

A severe, chronic form of diabetes caused by insufficient production of insulin and resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

A

Diabetes mellitus

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7
Q

Increased discharge of urine.

A

Diuresis

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8
Q

Any of various ductless glands, such as the thyroid, adrenal, or pituitary, having hormonal secretions that pass directly into the bloodstream. Also called ductless gland .

A

Endocrine gland

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9
Q

A gland, such as a sebaceous gland or sweat gland, that releases its secretions to the body’s cavities, organs, or surface through a duct.

A

Exocrine gland

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10
Q

The quality or state of being gigantic; abnormally large size.

A

Gigantism

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11
Q

A group of anti-inflammatory steroidlike compounds that are produced by the adrenal cortex.

A

Glucocorticoids

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12
Q

The formation of glucose

A

Gluconeogenesis

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13
Q

The hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose.

A

Glycogenolysis

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14
Q

A noncancerous enlargement of the thyroid gland, visible as a swelling at the front of the neck, that is often associated with iodine deficiency.

A

Goiter

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15
Q

A substance, usually a peptide or steroid, produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another to effect physiological activity, such as growth or metabolism.

A

Hormone

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16
Q

An abnormally large amount of calcium in the blood.

A

Hypercalcemia

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17
Q

An abnormally high level of glucose in the blood.

A

Hyperglycemia

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18
Q

An abnormally low level of glucose in the blood.

A

Hypoglycemia

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19
Q

The transformation of the mature ovarian follicle into a corpus luteum.

A

Luteinization

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20
Q

Any of a group of steroid hormones that are secreted by the adrenal cortex and regulate the balance of water and electrolytes in the body.

A

Mineralocorticoids

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21
Q

Mechanism of the homeostatic response by which the out put of a system suppresses or inhibits activity of the system:

A

Negative feedback loop

22
Q

Feedback that results in amplification or growth of the output signal.

A

Positive feedback loop

23
Q

Any of a group of hormonelike substances produced in various tissues that are derived from amino acids and mediate a range of physiological functions, such as metabolism and nerve transmission

A

Prostaglandins

24
Q

Any of various intracellular chemical substances that transmit and amplify the messages delivered by a first messenger to specific receptors on the cell surface.

A

Second messenger

25
Q

Lipids that act like hormones.

A

Steroid hormones

26
Q

The endocrine system is a collection of glands that secrete chemical messages we call hormones. These signals are passed through the blood to arrive at a target organ, which has target organ cells possessing the appropriate receptor.

A

Target organ cell

27
Q

A small, oval endocrine gland attached to the base of the vertebrate brain and consisting of an anterior and a posterior lobe. Also called hypophysis , master gland .

A

Pituitary glands

28
Q

A small, cone-shaped endocrine organ in the posterior forebrain, secreting melatonin and involved in biorhythms and gonadal development.

A

Pineal glands

29
Q

A two-lobed endocrine gland located in front of and on either side of the trachea and producing various hormones, such as calcitonin.

A

Thyroid glands

30
Q

A ductless, butterfly-shaped gland lying at the base of the neck.

A

Thymus

31
Q

A gland, situated near the stomach, that secretes a digestive fluid into the intestine through one or more ducts and also secretes the hormone insulin.

A

Pancreas

32
Q

Irregular clusters of endocrine cells scattered throughout the tissue of the pancreas that secrete insulin and glucagon.

A

Islets of Langerhans

33
Q

Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancrea produces glucagon .

A

Alpha cells

34
Q

Any of the insulin-producing cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Also called B cell .

A

Beta cells

35
Q

One of a pair of ductless glands, located above the kidneys.

A

Adrenal glands

36
Q

One of the paired female reproductive organs that produce ova and certain sex hormones, including estrogen. Also called oophoron .

A

Ovaries (Gonads)

37
Q

Combining word means adrenal gland

A

adreno/o

38
Q

Combining word means adrenal gland

A

adrenal/o

39
Q

Combining word means pituitary gland.

A

hypophys/o

40
Q

Combining word means ovary.

A

oophor/o

41
Q

Combining word means ovary.

A

ovari/o

42
Q

Combining word means testis.

A

orch/o

43
Q

Combining word means testis.

A

orchi/o

44
Q

Combining word means pancreas.

A

pancreat/o

45
Q

Combining word means parathyroid gland.

A

parathyroid/o

46
Q

Combining word means pituitary gland.

A

pituitar/o

47
Q

Combining word means tymus gland.

A

thym/o

48
Q

Combining word means thyroid gland

A

thyroid/o

49
Q

Combining word means testis.

A

orchid/o

50
Q

Any of several small oval glands usually lying near or embedded in the thyroid gland.

A

Parathyroid glands

51
Q

The male gonad or reproductive gland, either of two oval glands located in the scrotum.

A

Testes ( Gonad )

Terminology 2 - Body Systems (15 decks)

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