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Terminology 2 - Body Systems > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

The state or process of being absorbed.

A

Absorption

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2
Q

A tubular passage functioning in the digestion and absorption of food and the elimination of food residue, beginning at the mouth and terminating at the anus.

A

Alimentary canal

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3
Q

Any of several digestive enzymes that break down starches.

A

Amylase

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4
Q

The opening at the lower end of the alimentary canal, through which the solid refuse of digestion is excreted.

A

Anus

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5
Q

A bitter, alkaline, yellow or greenish liquid, secreted by the liver.

A

Bile

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6
Q

A soft, roundish mass or lump, especially of chewed food.

A

Bolus

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7
Q

A physiological sphincter at the esophagogastric junction.

A

Cardiac sphincter

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8
Q

A cul-de-sac, especially that in which the large intestine begins.

A

Cecum

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9
Q

Is a natural satiety factor associated with feeling full or satisfied.

A

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

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10
Q

The thick semifluid mass of partly digested food that is passed from the stomach to the duodenum.

A

Chyme

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11
Q

The division of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum.

A

Colon

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12
Q

The part of the colon between the ileocecal orifice and the right colic flexure.

A

ascending colon

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13
Q

The part of the colon that lies across the upper part of the abdominal cavity.

A

transverse colon

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14
Q

The part of the colon extending from the left colic flexure to the pelvic brim.

A

descending colon

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15
Q

S -shaped curve of the large intestine between the descending colon and the rectum.

A

sigmoid colon

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16
Q

Difficult, incomplete, or infrequent evacuation of dry, hardened feces from the bowels.

A

Constipation

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17
Q

The act or process of swallowing.

A

Deglutition

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18
Q

An intestinal disorder characterized by abnormal frequency and fluidity of fecal evacuations.

A

Diarrhea

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19
Q

The process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed and assimilated by the body.

A

Digestion

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20
Q

The beginning portion of the small intestine, starting at the lower end of the stomach and extending to the jejunum.

A

Duodenum

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21
Q

To make into an emulsion.

A

Emulsify

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22
Q

A thin, valvelike, cartilaginous structure that covers the glottis during swallowing.

A

Epiglottis

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23
Q

The muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and serves as a passageway for food.

A

Esophagus

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24
Q

The matter that is discharged from the bowel during defecation; excrement. Also called stercus .

A

Feces

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25
Q

The bend of the colon at the juncture of its ascending and transverse portions. Also called hepatic flexure .

A

hepatic flexure

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26
Q

The bend at the junction of the transverse and descending colon. Also called splenic flexure .

A

splenic flexure

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27
Q

The S-shaped section of the colon between the pelvic brim and the third sacral segment, continuous with the rectum. Also called sigmoid colon .

A

sigmoid flexure

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28
Q

A small frenum or band of fibrous material.

A

Frenulum

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29
Q

The bottom of or part farthest from the opening of a sac or hollow organ.

A

Fundus

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30
Q

A pear-shaped, muscular sac attached to the under surface of the right lobe of the liver, in which bile is stored and concentrated.

A

Gallbladder

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31
Q

Is the stomach and intestine,sometimes including all the structures from the mouth to the anus.

A

Gastrointestinal

(GI) tract

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32
Q

The peritoneal fold attached to the stomach and the colon and hanging over the small intestine.

A

Greater omentum

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33
Q

A hernia in which part of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm. Also called hiatus hernia .

A

Hiatal hernia

34
Q

Valve between the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum of the large intestine.

A

Ileocecal valve

35
Q

The third and terminal portion of the small intestine, extending from the jejunum to the cecum.

A

Ileum

36
Q

Yellowish discoloration.

A

Jaundice

37
Q

The middle portion of the small intestine, between the duodenum and the ileum.

A

Jejunum

38
Q

Of, relating to, or resembling milk.

A

Lacteals

39
Q

The largest gland of the body, lying beneath the diaphragm in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity.

A

Liver

40
Q

The inner open space or cavity of a tubular organ, as of a blood vessel.

A

Lumen

41
Q

To chew food.

A

Mastication

42
Q

A double layer of peritoneum attached to the abdominal wall and enclosing in its fold certain organs of the abdominal viscera.

A

Mesentery

43
Q

The complex of physical and chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life.

A

Metabolism

44
Q

Any of the minute hairlike structures projecting from the surface of certain types of epithelial cells, especially those of the small intestine.

A

Microvilli

45
Q

Membrane lining bodily cavities and canals that lead to the outside, chiefly the respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tracts.

A

Mucosa

46
Q

The muscular coat of a hollow organ or tubular structure.

A

Muscularis

47
Q

The part of the mouth behind the teeth and gums that is bounded above by the hard and soft palates and below by the tongue and the mucous membrane connecting it with the inner part of the mandible.

A

Oral cavity

48
Q

A gland situated near the stomach, that secretes a digestive fluid into the intestine through one or more ducts and also secretes the hormone insulin.

A

Pancreas

49
Q

One of the small, round or cone-shaped protuberances on the top of the tongue that contain taste buds.

A

Papillae

50
Q

A salivary gland situated at the base of each ear.

A

Parotid glands

51
Q

The wavelike muscular contractions of the intestine or other tubular structure. Also called vermicular movement .

A

Peristalsis

52
Q

The tube or cavity, with its surrounding membrane and muscles, that connects the mouth and nasal passages with the esophagus.

A

Pharynx

53
Q

A fold or ridge, as of skin or membrane.

A

Plicae

54
Q

The opening between the stomach and the duodenum.

A

Pylorus

55
Q

A thickening of the layer of the gastric musculature encircling the gastroduodenal junction. Also called sphincter muscle of pylorus .

A

Pyloric sphincter

56
Q

The comparatively straight, terminal section of the intestine, ending in the anus.

A

Rectum

57
Q

A wrinkle, fold, or ridge.

A

Rugae

58
Q

The process of secreting a substance from a cell or gland.

A

Secretion

59
Q

Another name for serous membrane

A

Serosa

60
Q

Salivary gland beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth, at the side of the frenulum.

A

Sublingual glands

61
Q

Either of a pair of salivary glands located one on each side of and beneath the lower jaw.

A

Submandibular glands

62
Q

The layer of connective tissue located beneath the mucous membrane.

A

Submucosa

63
Q

The enlarged saclike portion of the digestive tract between the esophagus and small intestine, lying just beneath the diaphragm.

A

Stomach

64
Q

The small, fleshy, conical body projecting downward from the middle of the soft palate.

A

Uvula

65
Q

A wormlike intestinal diverticulum starting from the blind end of the cecum in the lower right-hand part of the abdomen and ending in a blind extremity.

A

Vermiform appendix

66
Q

A minute projection arising from a mucous membrane, especially one of the vascular projections of the small intestine.

A

Villi

67
Q

A combining form representing starch.

A

amyl/o

68
Q

A combining form representing gallbladder.

A

cholecyst/o

69
Q

A combining form representing colon.

A

col/o; colon/o

70
Q

A combining form representing cyst.

A

cyst/o

71
Q

A combining form meaning “stomach “

A

gastr/o

72
Q

A combining form meaning “liver ”

A

hepat/o

73
Q

A combining form representing ileum,

A

ile/o

74
Q

A combining form representing jejunum.

A

jejun/o

75
Q

A combining form meaning “ mouth ” .

A

or/o

76
Q

A combining form representing pancreas.

A

pancreat/o

77
Q

A combining form meaning “anus,” “rectum,”.

A

proct/o

78
Q

A combining form representing sigmoid.

A

sigmoid/o

79
Q

A combining form representing esophagus.

A

esophage/o

80
Q

A combining form representing tongue

A

ling/o

Terminology 2 - Body Systems (15 decks)

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