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A+P > the Larynx > Flashcards

the Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 single cartilages?

A

epiglottis, cricoid, thyroid

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2
Q

what are the 3 paired cartilages?

A

arytenoids, corniculates, cuniforms

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3
Q

hyoid bone

A
  • not part of larynx but many laryngeal structures connect to it
  • suspened and attached via ligaments + muscles
  • U-shaped with corbus (body) anteriorly, and open posteriorly, cornea are 2 ‘horns’ at either side
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4
Q

Thyroid carticlage

A
  • sg + largest
  • 2x lamina plates fused together in V-shape forming larygeal promience anteriorly
  • x2 superior cornea which are connected to hyoid via thyrohyoid muscles
  • x2 inferior cornea which connect to cricoid forming the crico-thyroid pivot joint
  • made of hyaline cartilage
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5
Q

Epiglottis

A
  • sg
  • leaf-shaped
  • made of elastin cartilage
  • connects to thyroid via the thyroidepiglottic ligament and the base of the tongue
  • protects airway and structures of larynx during swallowing by folding posteriorly
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6
Q

Cricoid Cartilage

A

-sg + ‘ring’ shaped
-sits just superior to tracheal rings at base of larynx
-relatively stationary
-taller posteriorly than anteriorly
attached posteriorly and laterally to arytenoids via the cricoaryntenoid muscles
-attached anteriorly to thyroid via cricothyroid muscle

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7
Q

Arytenoid cartilages

A
  • paired
  • pyramid shaped
  • attached to vocal folds via ligaments
  • attached superiorly to corniculates via a ball-socket joint
  • adduction and abduction causes movement of vocal folds
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8
Q

Coniculate Cartilages

A
  • paired
  • attached inferiorly to aryntenoids via a ball-socket joint which enables rotation and gliding forwards and back
  • have no role in speech production
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9
Q

Cuniform Cartilages

A
  • paires
  • ‘hidden’ w/in larynx
  • no role in speech production
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10
Q

Intrinstic muscles

A
  • connect laryngeal structures TO EACH OTHER (w/in larynx)
  • cause movement of individual laryngeal structures but not whole larynx
  • responsible for vocal fold movement
  • regulate size & shape of glottal space
  • 5 paired muscles
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11
Q

what are the instrintic muscles

A

5-paired:

  • Thyroaryntenoids
  • Posterior Cricothyroids
  • Lateral Cricothyroids
  • (Anterior) Cricothyroids
  • Arytenoids
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12
Q

Thyroidaryntenoid muscles

A
  • sometimes called ‘vocalis muscles’
  • instristic (paired)
  • connect thryoid to aryntenoids
  • cause adduction and abduction of vocal folds
  • regulate glottal space
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13
Q

cricothyroid muscles

A

-x3 paired: posterior, lateral, anterior
-connect cricoid and thyroid
instrisic (paired)

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14
Q

arytenoid muscles

A

connect both aryntenoids

intristic (paired)

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15
Q

Extrinstic laryngeal muscles

A
  • connect laryngeal structure to structures OUTSIDE the larynx (often hyoid)
  • cause movement (depression + elevlation) of WHOLE larynx (e.g. during swallow)
  • 2 subcategories: supra + infra hyoid
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16
Q

Extrinstic suprahyoid muscles

A 
connect laryngeal structures to structures above the hyoid bone
6 muscles:
-digastrius
-stylohyoid
-mylohyoid
-hyoglossis
-genoglossis
-geniohyoid
17
Q

Extrinstic infrahyoid muscles

A

connect laryngeal structures to structures below the hyoid
3 muscles:
-thyrohyoid (attaches thyroid to hyoid)
-Sternohyoid (runs between sterm and hyoid)
-Omohyoid (paired)

18
Q

Cranial Nerves affecting the larynx

A
  1. Trigenmedial (V)
  2. Facial (VIII)
  3. Vagas (X)
  4. Hypoglossal (XII)
19
Q

which crancal nerve controls all intrinsic muscles

A

Vagas (X)

20
Q

Types of connective tissue found in the larynx

A

tendons, ligaments, mucus membrane

21
Q

what do tendons connect

A

muscle to cartilage

22
Q

what do ligaments connect

A

muscle to muscle

23
Q

what are mucus membranes

A

tissues which surround structures to protect them

24
Q

what are the 2 paired liagments on the larynx

A
  1. Vesticular (false VF)

2. True VFs

25
Q

Vocal Cords

A

thyroidaryntenoid muscles which abduct and adduct

26
Q

Vocal folds

A

mucus membranes covering vocal cords to protect them (2x paired)

27
Q

True VFs

A
  • involved in phonation
  • directly surround vocal ligaments and thyroiaryntenoid muscles
  • pealy white in colour
28
Q

Vestricular folds

A
  • False VFs
  • lie parellel and slight superior to true VFs
  • no role in phonation
29
Q

adducted VFs

A

when VFs are together, adducting is the movement of VFs together (abducted->adducted)

30
Q

Abducted VFs

A

when VFs are apart, abducting is the movement of VFs away from each other (adducted->abducted)

31
Q

how does pitch alteration occur

A

altering tension, stretch and contraction of VFs which changes rate of vibration (quicker vibration=increased strectch = increased pitch)

32
Q

what does altering the relationship b/w the cricoid and thyoid cartilage do?

A

alter length of VFs

A+P (32 decks)

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