protein synthesis

Question 1

what is protein synthesis

Answer 1

the process of making proteins via transcription and translations- DNA codes for proteins but molecules are too large to exit nuclear envolope therefor they must by transcribed to enter cytoplasm and then sythensised in ribsosomes

Question 2

Transcription

Answer 2

DNA strand serves as a template for mRNA to be fored via complementry nucleotide pairs, then nucleotides are joined via the enzyme RNA polymerase to form mRNA, then this is synthesised to remove introns and then exon chains are small enough to exit nuclear envolope

Question 3

nucleotide pairs forming mRNA

Answer 3

cytosineguanine

adenine-> uracil

Question 4

codons

Answer 4

sequences of 3 nucleotides which code for 1 AA, there is special ‘start’ and ‘stop’ codons which instruct the beginning and end of polymer chain

Question 5

start & stop codons

Answer 5

start= AUG
stop= UAA, UGA, UAG

Question 6

translation

Answer 6

mRNA binds to ribosome where it binds to complemetry tRNA with each tRNA binded to a AA forming AA chain

Question 7

translation nucleotide pairs

Answer 7

cytosine-> guanine
guanine-> cytosine
uracil-> adenine

Question 8

what are polyribosomes

Answer 8

the cluster of AAs attached to the same mRNA strand

Question 9

what is post-translational processing

Answer 9

when proteins are modified following translation

Question 10

overview of protein synthesis

Answer 10

DNA to mRNA via transcription and splicing, mRNA exits nuclear envlope into cytoplasm, mRNA enters ribosome, in ribosome mRNA codes for tRNA molecules which has AAs attached, AAs form chains via polypeptide bonds which are proteins!