the Brain

Question 1

spinal cord

Answer 1

runs from medulla oblongata (at base of brain) to cordna equine (base of upper pelvis)

carries all info of PNS (sensory, motor, interneurons)

grey matter centre, surrounded by white matter,

nerves enter/exit b/w verterbrae and serve different parts of the body (different dermatomes)

Question 2

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 2

location of discursion: where L+R pathways cross

the respiratory centre: controlling rate + depth of breathing

the cardiovascular centre: makes cardiac adjustments (force + rate of heart contractions) + vasomotor adjustments (regulating BP via blood vessel disameter)

Question 3

Midbrain

Answer 3

cerebral aqueduct centre surrouned by periaquedutal grey matter tissue

cerebral aqueduct contains CSF

Periquedutal grey matter tissue is involved in the productions of endorphins and suppression of pain

superior + inferior colliculli are located on dorsal surface and coordinate eye + head movement

contains the substania nigra which is pigmented w. melanin andd converts melanin to dopamine

dopamine is then transported to the basal ganglia of telencephalon

Question 4

Pons

Answer 4

found in the metencephalon

the ‘pnemotaxic cortex’ which regulates breathing rhythem

origin of some crainal nerves found here

Question 5

Cerebellum

Answer 5

found in metencephalon and connects pons + medulla oblongata

maps body info allowing motor coordination and recieves input from cerebral motor cortex, brainstem nuclei and sensory receptors

Question 6

thalamus

Answer 6

found in diencephalon

the ‘gateway’ to the cerebral hemispheres

all sensory info coverges allowing synaptic messages to be edited and modified

Question 7

epithalamus

Answer 7

found in diencephalon

includes pineal gland which secrete melatonin

regulates sleep+mood

contains Choroid Plexus which produces CFS

Question 8

hypothalamus

Answer 8

found at floor of diencephalon

connects to anterior pituartry via the infundibulum

important in maintaining hoemostasis via regulation of:

• automatic NS
• limbic system (emotion)
• temp
• nurient response + water balance (hunger + thirst signals)
• sleep
• endocrine system

Question 9

telencephalon

Answer 9

the outer brain, forms the cerebral hemispheres

grey matter surrounds the white matter centre

white matter contains mylinated axons to allow for quicker signals b/w parts of brain & carries info to/from the grey matter

grey matter contains demylinated axons

basal nuclei are islands of grey matter which allow communication w/in cerebral hemispheres and the body

Question 10

what fibres are found in the white matter of the telencephalon?

Answer 10

1. Commissual fibres: connecting both hemispheres
2. Associate fibres: connecting areas w/in each hemisphere
3. Projectile fibres: connecting hemispheres to lower brain + spinal cord

Question 11

functions of the basal nuclei

Answer 11

regulate movement , cognition + intentions