organelles

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

a large membrane bound structure which contains genetic information and controls the cells activity

Question 2

Components of the nucleus

Answer 2

1) Nuclear Envolpe- allows molecules to move between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm
2) Nucleoplasm
3) Nucleolus- where DNA is stored for protein synthesis
4) Chromosome-contain genetic information in histones

Question 3

Ribosomes function

Answer 3

occupied by mRNA which arts as the site for protein synthesis via translation

Question 4

Structure of ribosomes

Answer 4

small sub unit + large sub unit (both are globular proteins)

Question 5

Types of ribosome

Answer 5

1) free floating- make soluable proteins

2) attached to RER- synthesise proteins

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

produce the cells energy source via oxidative metabolisms

Question 7

Parts of Mitochondria

Answer 7

outer membrane, inner membrane, inner membrane space, matrix, crista (containing enzymes which break down molecules of oxidative metabolism)

Question 8

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 8

recieves veticles from RER and modifies & concentrates them so they can be ‘sent’ to specific locations by packaging them into vesicles

Question 9

Parts of Golgi Apparatus

Answer 9

transport vesicles, forming face, Cisternae, maturing face, secretary vesicles

Question 10

Microtubles

Answer 10

long hollow tubes made of protein molecules (alpha + beta tublin) providing structure and support to the cell

Question 11

peroxisomes

Answer 11

contain enzymes which break down fatty acids, amino acids forming hydrogen peroxide as a waste product

Question 12

cytoplasm

Answer 12

the contents of the cell except the nucleus - 50% cytosol (viscous liquid which has ions and molecules dissolved in it and protein molecules suspended), 50% intracellular organelles

Question 13

cytoskeleton structure (3)

Answer 13

supports the nucleaus and organelles in positioning in cell: microtubles, micro/actin filaments, intermediate filaments

Question 14

intracellular vesicles (3)

Answer 14

lysomes, peroxisomes, proteosomes

Question 15

plasma membrane

Answer 15

a lipid bi-layer containing enbeded proteins which regulates the movement of molecules & ions into/out-of the cell

Question 16

protesosomes

Answer 16

breakdown & recycle proteins in the cell

Question 17

micro / actin filaments

Answer 17

small protein strand which interact with proteins forming bundles/sheets of small fibril networks to support cytoplasm and plasma membrane

Question 18

Lysosomes

Answer 18

contain hydrolytic enzymes which break down proteins, nucleic acids, sugars and lipids so they can be recycled or exit the cell as waste

Question 19

phagocytic vesicles

Answer 19

fuse with lysosmes to collect waste products to remove from cells

Question 20

intermediate filaments

Answer 20

protein fibres providing mechanical strength to cells helping to maintain cell shape

Question 21

ER

Answer 21

a system of inter-connecting tubes & membranes enclosing cisternae which is a continuation of nuclear membrane

Question 22

RER

Answer 22

external ER studded with ribosomes which are part of protein synthesis

Question 23

SER

Answer 23

internal ER which is responsible for the production of lipids and detoxification