Hormones

Question 1

Vasopressin / ADH

Answer 1

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE

• release stimulated when decrease in BP and increase in osmolarity of blood
• targets kidneys to increase water retention + decrease urine volume
• increased ADH=increased BP and blood vol.

Question 2

Oxytocin (female)

Answer 2

• released when uterus is stretched / cervix stimulation / breast feeding
• causes contraction of smooth muscles to help: expluse foetus during childbirth, assist sperm movement during intercourse, milk ejection

Question 3

GH

Answer 3

GROWTH HORMONE

• secretions controlled by GHRH and GHIH (produced in hypothalamus)
• secretion a response to low blood glucose and stress
• stimulates growth in tissues
• regulated metabolism + blood nurient levels

Question 4

Prolactin (female)

Answer 4

• secretion controlled via PRH + PIH produced in hypothalamus
• effects milk production and progesterone enhancement after ovulation

Question 5

TSH

Answer 5

THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE

• secretion controlled by TRH produced in hypothalmus
• causes release of thyroid hormones

Question 6

ACTH

Answer 6

ADRENOCORTIC OTROPIC HORMONE

-causes release of corticol + melancyte resulting in increased skin pigmentation

Question 7

Gonadotropins

Answer 7

LH (leutinising hormone) + FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

• stimulated release by GRH produced in hypothalamus
• promotes growth of gonads
• combines w. prolactin to regulate reproduction + production of growth hormones

Question 8

T3 + T4

Answer 8

T3= tridothyronine, T4+ tetraodothyranine/thyroxine)

• release controlled by TRH + TIH from hypothalamus
• controls metabolism (increase T3 + T4= increased body temp)
• regulate ‘normal’ growth of organs

Question 9

Calcitonin + PTH

Answer 9

CALCITONIN
-produced in thyroid
-secretion when blood calcium is high to reduce plasma calcium
PTH= PARATHYROID HORMONE
-opposite for calcitonin

Question 10

Adrenaline + Non-Adrenaline

Answer 10

adrenaline= EPIPHRINE,
non-adrenaline=NOREPINEPHRINE
-release increases: blood gluscose levels, lipid breakdown, heart rate + force, vasconstriction in skin/kidneys/GI-tract/skeletal muscle

Question 11

Mineralcortids

Answer 11

transforms to ALDPSTERONE

• steroid
• secreted in response to decreased BP
• causes kidneys to retain NA+ and water to increase blood vol.

Question 12

Glucorticoids

Answer 12

transforms to CORTISOL

• steroid
• produced in response to stress
• causes change in metabolic and acts as an anti-inflammatory

Question 13

Adrogens

Answer 13

-steroids
in females: stimulate public + axillary hair growth & sex-drive
in males: small effect on development on secondary-sexual characteristics

Question 14

glucagon

Answer 14

• increases breakdown of glycagon,

- release in response to glucose in blood

Question 15

insulin

Answer 15

-causes cells to increase up-take of glucose + AA

Question 16

somatostatin

Answer 16

inhibits insulin and glucagon secretions

Question 17

testosterone (male only)

Answer 17

• stimulates development of reproductive structures
• stimulates secondary-sexual characteristic development
• sex-drive
• causes hypertrophy (growth) of laynx and decreased tension in vocal cords during puberty

Question 18

inhibin

Answer 18

-feedback to anterior pituatary to inhibit FSH production

Question 19

oestrogen + progesterone (female only)

Answer 19

• control reproductive cycle
• prepare mammary glands for lactation during pregancy
• causes dev. of sex organs + secondary-sexual characteristic
• helps maintain pregancy

Question 20

relaxin

Answer 20

-increases flexibility of pubic symphysis and dilates cerix to assist in child birth