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MSK > The Knee Joint > Flashcards

The Knee Joint Flashcards

0
Q

What are the articulating bones at the knee joint?

A

2x femorotibial articulations - between lateral and medial femoral condyles and tibia
1x intermediate femoropatellar articulation - between the patella and anterior and distal femur

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1
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint

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2
Q

What is the most important muscle in stabilising the knee?

A

The quadriceps femoris

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3
Q

Which bones are involves in the knee joint?

A

Tibia, femur and patella

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4
Q

What is found between the femur condyles?

A

Anteriorly - shallow depression for patella articulation

Posteriorly - intercondylar fossa which is a deep notch

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5
Q

Where do the collateral ligaments attach?

A

Femoral epicondyles

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6
Q

Where is the adductor tubule of the femur found?

A

On the medial condyle

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7
Q

What is the point of menisci?

A

Deepen the articular surface of the tibia, increasing stability of the joint
Also act as shock absorbers

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8
Q

What attaches the menisci to the joint capsule?

A

The coronary ligaments

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9
Q

Course of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments?

A

PAMs APpLes
Posterior passes anteriorly and inserts medially
Anterior passes posteriorly and inserts laterally

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10
Q

Which is the weakest cruciate ligament?

A

Anterior CL

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11
Q

What do the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments limit?

A

Anterior - posterior movement of femur on tibia and hyperextension
Posterior - anterior movement of femur on tibia and hyperflexion

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12
Q

Name the extracapsular ligaments

A 
Patellar ligament
Fibular collateral ligament
Tibial collateral ligament
Oblique popliteal ligament
Arcuate popliteal ligament
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13
Q

Movements of the knee joint?

A

Extension, flexion

Small degree of medial and lateral rotation

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14
Q

What does the knee joint rely on to stabilise it?

A

Ligaments and muscles

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15
Q

What is the weight bearing joint of the knee?

A

The tibiofemoral

16
Q

What do the menisci attach to?

A

Intercondylar area of the tibia

17
Q

What extra attachment does the medial meniscus have?

A

Tibial collateral ligament and the joint capsule

18
Q

Name the bursae of the knee joint?

A

Suprapatella bursa
Prepatella bursa
Infrapatella bursa
Semimembranosus bursa

19
Q

Where is the suprapatella bursa located?

A

Between the quadriceps femoris and the femur

20
Q

Where is the prepatella bursa found?

A

Between the apex of the patella and the skin

21
Q

Location of the infrapatella bursa?

A

Split into deep and superficial.
Deep - between tibia and patella ligament
Superficial - between patella ligament and skin

22
Q

Location of semimembranosus bursa?

A

Posteriorly in the knee joint. Between the semimembranosus muscle and the medial head of the gastrocnemius.

23
Q

Where does the patellar ligament attach to?

A

The tibial tuberosity

24
Q

Function of the collateral ligaments?

A

Prevent medial or lateral movement

25
Q

Where do the tibial and fibular collateral ligaments attach?

A

Tibial - Medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial surface of the tibia
Fibular - lateral epicondyle of the femur to depression in the lateral surface of the fibular head

26
Q

Which muscles cause extension of the knee joint?

A

Quadriceps femoris

27
Q

Which muscles produce flexion of the knee joint?

A

Hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus

28
Q

Which muscles produce lateral rotation of the knee joint?

A

Biceps femoris

29
Q

Which muscles produce medial rotation of the knee joint?

A

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus

30
Q

How are the collateral ligaments injured?

A

Force applied to side of the knee when the foot is placed on the ground

31
Q

How can damage to collateral ligaments be assessed?

A

Pain on medial rotation of the leg - damage to medial ligament
Lateral rotation - damage to lateral ligament

32
Q

What can be torn in hyperextension of the knee joint?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

33
Q

How can you test for damage to the ACL?

A

Anterior draw test

34
Q

What is the unhappy triad?

A

Indicates damage to the ACL
-Unstable femur shifts medially, tearing lateral meniscus and tibial collateral ligament
Medial meniscus can also be torn due to its attachment to the tibial collateral ligament

35
Q

How do you test for posterior cruciate ligament damage?

A

Posterior draw test.

36
Q

In which direction does the patella normally dislocate?

A

Laterally

MSK (29 decks)

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