The Femoral Triangle and Vasculature

Question 0

What form the borders?

Answer 0

Superior - inguinal ligament
Lateral - medial border of sartorius muscle
Medial - lateral border of adductor longus
Anterior roof - fascia lata
Posterior base - pectineus and iliopsoas muscles

Question 1

Where is the femoral triangle found?

Answer 1

Anterior thigh

Question 2

Contents of the femoral triangle? Lateral to medial?

Answer 2

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Deep lymph nodes
(NAVEL)

Question 3

Where can you find the femoral pulse?

Answer 3

Halfway between the pubic symphysis and ASIS

Question 4

Tell me about a femoral hernia

Answer 4

Part of the bowel pushes into to be femoral canal, underneath the inguinal ligament
Manifests clinically as a lump or bulge in the femoral triangle
Requires surgery

Question 5

Where does the inguinal ligament run to and from?

Answer 5

Anterior superior iliac spine to the pubis tubercle

Question 6

What is the main artery of the lower limb and when does it become called this vessel?

Answer 6

Femoral artery

External iliac artery becomes this vessel when it crosses under the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle.

Question 7

Branches of the profunda femoris artery?

Answer 7

Perforating branches
Lateral femoral circumflex artery
Medial femoral circumflex artery

Question 8

Path of the femoral artery?

Answer 8

Enters femoral triangle. The down the adductor canal. This ends at the adductor hiatus. Artery travels through the opening and enters the posterior compartment of the thigh, proximal to knee. Now becomes the popliteal artery.

Question 9

What can the femoral artery be used for clinically?

Answer 9

Coronary angiography

Draw blood for arterial blood gases

Question 10

What is the path of the tube in a coronary angiography?

Answer 10

Femoral artery ➡️ external iliac artery ➡️ common iliac artery ➡️ aorta ➡️ coronary vessels

Question 11

Path of the obturator artery?

Answer 11

Arises from the internal iliac artery in the pelvic region. Descends via obturator canal to enter medial thigh. Bifurcated into anterior branch and posterior branch.

Question 12

Path of the gluteal arteries?

Answer 12

Arise from the internal iliac artery, entering the gluteal region via the greater sciatic foramen.
Superior gluteal leaves foramen above piriformis
Inferior gluteal below the piriformis

Question 13

What does the popliteal artery bifurcate into?

Answer 13

The anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 14

Path of posterior tibial artery?

Answer 14

Along the surface of the deep muscles. Accompanies tibial nerve in entering the sole of the foot via the tarsal tunnel.

Question 15

Where does the fibular artery arise from?

Answer 15

Posterior tibial artery.

Question 16

Which artery supplies muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 16

Fibular artery

Question 17

Path of the anterior tibial artery?

Answer 17

Arises from popliteal artery. Passes anteriorly between the tibia and fibula, through a gap in the interosseous membrane. Moves inferiorly down the leg. In the foot it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery.

Question 18

Complications of an aneurysm of the popliteal artery?

Answer 18

Compression of the tibial artery - anaesthesia or loss of leg motor function.

Question 19

How can an aneurysm of the popliteal artery be detected?

Answer 19

Palpable pulsation in the popliteal fossa. Abnormal arterial sounds.