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MSK > Elbow and Joints of the Forearm > Flashcards

Elbow and Joints of the Forearm Flashcards

0
Q

Which muscles flex the elbow joint and their innervation?

A

Biceps brachii and brachialis - musculocutaneous

Brachioradialis - radial nerve

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1
Q

What type of joint is the elbow?

A

Hinge type synovial joint

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2
Q

Which muscles extend the elbow joint?

A

Triceps brachii - radial nerve

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3
Q

Name the ligaments of the elbow

A

Ulnar collateral ligament

Radial collateral ligament

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4
Q

Attachments of the ulnar collateral ligament?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Coranoid process and olecranon of ulna

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5
Q

Name the three bands of the ulnar collateral ligament

Give some info

A

Anterior cord-like band - strongest
Posterior fan-like band - weakest
Oblique band - deepens socket for trochlea of the humerus

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6
Q

What are the two important bursa of the elbow?

A

Subcutaneous olecranon

Subtendinous olecranon

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7
Q

What is it called when the subcutaneous olecranon bursa become inflamed?

A

Students bursitis

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8
Q

Where are the subcutaneous olecranon bursa found?

A

In the subcutaneous connective tissue of the olecranon

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9
Q

Where is the subtendinous olecranon bursa found?

A

Between the olecranon and the triceps tendon

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10
Q

Where does the radial nerve pass in the elbow?

A

Anterior to the lateral epicondyle

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11
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve pass in the elbow?

A

Posterior to the medial epicondyle

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12
Q

How many radioulnar joints are there? Name them

A

Proximal radioulnar
Interosseous membrane
Distal radioulnar

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13
Q

When does the radius cross over the ulnar?

A

During pronation

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14
Q

What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

A pivot joint

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15
Q

What articulates at the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Head of radius with the radial notch of the ulna

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16
Q

What holds the radial head in position at the radial notch of the ulna?

A

The anular ligament

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17
Q

What is a pulled elbow?

A

Head of radius subluxates from the anular ligament

Common in children

18
Q

Define dislocation

A

Compete loss of contact of joint surfaces

19
Q

Define subluxation

A

Partial dislocation - bone ends are misaligned but still in contact

20
Q

What type of joint is the interosseous membrane?

A

Fibrous

21
Q

In what direction do the fibres of the interosseous membrane run? What does this allow?

A

Inferio-medially

Distribution of force from radius to ulna

22
Q

What type of joint is the distal radioulnar?

A

Pivot

23
Q

What articulates at the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Head of ulnar with ulnar notch on medial border of radius

24
Q

Which muscles move the radioulnar joints?

A

Supinator
Biceps brachii
Pronator quadratus
Pronator teres

25
Q

What can cause subcutaneous bursitis?

A

Repeated friction and pressure

26
Q

What can cause subtendinous bursitis?

A

Repeated flexion and extension of the forearm

27
Q

What structure is involves in epicondylitis?

A

The common tendon of the flexor or extensor muscles

28
Q

Which epicondyle is tennis elbow and why?

A

Lateral - this is the extensor origin

29
Q

Which epicondyle is golfer’s elbow?

A

Medial epicondyle - common flexor origin

30
Q

What is a Colle’s fracture?

A

Posterior displacement of distal fragment of radius

31
Q

What articulates at the wrist?

A

Distal end of radius and articular disc of radioulnar joint
With
The proximal row of carpal bones except for the pisiform

32
Q

What ligaments are found in the radiocarpal joint?

A

Ulnar collateral
Radial collateral

Palmar radiocarpal
Dorsal radiocarpal

33
Q

Location of ulnar collateral and function?

A

Ulnar styloid process to triquetrum and pisiform

Prevents excessive lateral joint displacement

34
Q

Location and function of radial collateral?

A

Radial styloid process to the two rows of carpals

Ensures the hand follows the radius during supination

35
Q

Function of dorsal radiocarpal?

A

Ensures hand follows radius during pronation

36
Q

Movements of the wrist?

A

Flexion and extension

Abduction and adduction

37
Q

Which muscles carry out flexion at the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris

38
Q

Which muscles carry out extension of the wrist?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

Extensor carpi ulnaris

39
Q

Which muscles card hour abduction of the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi radialis
Extensors carpi radialis longus and brevis
Abductor pollicis longus

40
Q

Why is abduction of the wrist limited to 15 degrees?

A

The radial styloid process

41
Q

What muscles carry out adduction?

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Flexor carpi ulnaris

42
Q

What happens in a Smith’s fracture?

A

Fall onto the back of the hand

Distal fragment of radius is placed anteriorly

MSK (29 decks)

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