Elbow and Joints of the Forearm Flashcards
Which muscles flex the elbow joint and their innervation?
Biceps brachii and brachialis - musculocutaneous
Brachioradialis - radial nerve
What type of joint is the elbow?
Hinge type synovial joint
Which muscles extend the elbow joint?
Triceps brachii - radial nerve
Name the ligaments of the elbow
Ulnar collateral ligament
Radial collateral ligament
Attachments of the ulnar collateral ligament?
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Coranoid process and olecranon of ulna
Name the three bands of the ulnar collateral ligament
Give some info
Anterior cord-like band - strongest
Posterior fan-like band - weakest
Oblique band - deepens socket for trochlea of the humerus
What are the two important bursa of the elbow?
Subcutaneous olecranon
Subtendinous olecranon
What is it called when the subcutaneous olecranon bursa become inflamed?
Students bursitis
Where are the subcutaneous olecranon bursa found?
In the subcutaneous connective tissue of the olecranon
Where is the subtendinous olecranon bursa found?
Between the olecranon and the triceps tendon
Where does the radial nerve pass in the elbow?
Anterior to the lateral epicondyle
Where does the ulnar nerve pass in the elbow?
Posterior to the medial epicondyle
How many radioulnar joints are there? Name them
Proximal radioulnar
Interosseous membrane
Distal radioulnar
When does the radius cross over the ulnar?
During pronation
What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?
A pivot joint
What articulates at the proximal radioulnar joint?
Head of radius with the radial notch of the ulna
What holds the radial head in position at the radial notch of the ulna?
The anular ligament
What is a pulled elbow?
Head of radius subluxates from the anular ligament
Common in children
Define dislocation
Compete loss of contact of joint surfaces
Define subluxation
Partial dislocation - bone ends are misaligned but still in contact
What type of joint is the interosseous membrane?
Fibrous
In what direction do the fibres of the interosseous membrane run? What does this allow?
Inferio-medially
Distribution of force from radius to ulna
What type of joint is the distal radioulnar?
Pivot
What articulates at the distal radioulnar joint?
Head of ulnar with ulnar notch on medial border of radius
Which muscles move the radioulnar joints?
Supinator
Biceps brachii
Pronator quadratus
Pronator teres
What can cause subcutaneous bursitis?
Repeated friction and pressure
What can cause subtendinous bursitis?
Repeated flexion and extension of the forearm
What structure is involves in epicondylitis?
The common tendon of the flexor or extensor muscles
Which epicondyle is tennis elbow and why?
Lateral - this is the extensor origin
Which epicondyle is golfer’s elbow?
Medial epicondyle - common flexor origin
What is a Colle’s fracture?
Posterior displacement of distal fragment of radius
What articulates at the wrist?
Distal end of radius and articular disc of radioulnar joint
With
The proximal row of carpal bones except for the pisiform
What ligaments are found in the radiocarpal joint?
Ulnar collateral
Radial collateral
Palmar radiocarpal
Dorsal radiocarpal
Location of ulnar collateral and function?
Ulnar styloid process to triquetrum and pisiform
Prevents excessive lateral joint displacement
Location and function of radial collateral?
Radial styloid process to the two rows of carpals
Ensures the hand follows the radius during supination
Function of dorsal radiocarpal?
Ensures hand follows radius during pronation
Movements of the wrist?
Flexion and extension
Abduction and adduction
Which muscles carry out flexion at the wrist?
Flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris
Which muscles carry out extension of the wrist?
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Which muscles card hour abduction of the wrist?
Flexor carpi radialis
Extensors carpi radialis longus and brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
Why is abduction of the wrist limited to 15 degrees?
The radial styloid process
What muscles carry out adduction?
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi ulnaris
What happens in a Smith’s fracture?
Fall onto the back of the hand
Distal fragment of radius is placed anteriorly
