Hip Joint Flashcards
Articulating surfaces of the hip joint?
Head of femur
Acetabulum
What lines the acetabulum and head of femur?
Articular cartilage
What is this intracapsular ligament of the hip?
Where does it run from and to?
Ligament of the head of femur
Runs from the ace tabular fossa to the fovea of the femur.
The branch of which artery is found in the ligament of the head of femur?
Obturator artery
What are the three extracapsular ligament of the hip?
Ileofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
Where does the ileofemoral ligament run from and to?
Function?
Ilium, just inferior to the anterior inferior iliac spine
Attaches to the intertrochanteric line in two places, forming a Y
Prevents hyperextension of the hip joint
Attachments of the pubofemoral ligament?
Function?
Ileopubic eminence and obturator membrane
Blends with articular capsule
Prevents excessive abduction and extension.
Attachments of the ischiofemoral ligament?
Functions?
Ischium to greater trochanter
Prevents excessive extension
Innervation of the hip joint?
Obturator nerve
Femoral nerve
Superior gluteal
Nerve to quadratus femoris
What makes the ligaments better at securing the femur in the hip joint?
Have a spiral orientation
When femur is extended, causes ligaments to become tighter.
Also means less energy is required for standing.
What increases the depth of the acetabulum?
Acetabular labrum
- fibrocartilaginous collar around the acetabulum
Which muscles carry out flexion of the hip joint?
Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Which muscles extend the hip?
Gluteus maximus
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Which muscles carry out abduction of the hip joint?
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Deep gluteus
-piriformis, gemelli
Which muscles carry out adduction of the thigh?
Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Pectineus Gracilis
Which muscles carry out lateral rotation of the thigh?
Gluteus maximus
Biceps femoris
Deep gluteals
-piriformis, gemelli etc.
Which muscles carry out medial rotation of the thigh?
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Common symptoms of congential dislocation of the hip joint?
Difficulty abducting
Affected limb is shorter
Positive Trendelenburg sign
What are people with a congential dislocation of the hip joint predisposed to?
Arthritis in later life
What are the types of dislocation of the hip joint and which is most common?
Posterior - most common
Anterior
How does the affected limb appear in a posterior dislocation of the hip?
Shorter
Medially rotated
What can be damaged in a posterior dislocation of the hip?
The sciatic nerve
Paralysis of the hamstrings and muscles distal to the knee
What are anterior dislocations a consequence of?
Extension, lateral rotation and abduction of the lower limb
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Ball and socket synovial