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MSK > The Axillary Region > Flashcards

The Axillary Region Flashcards

0
Q

Where does the left subclavian artery arise from?

A

The aorta

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1
Q

Where does the right subclavian artery arise from?

A

The brachiocephalic trunk

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2
Q

When does the subclavian become the axillary artery?

A

When it crosses the lateral edge of the first rib.

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3
Q

What arises from the axillary artery at the humeral surgical neck?

A

Posterior and anterior circumflex humeral arteries

Subscapular artery

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4
Q

When does the axillary become the brachial artery?

A

At the teres major muscle

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5
Q

Which artery supplies the posterior of the arm and stops at the elbow? Travels in the radial groove?

A

Profunda brachii

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6
Q

Which nerve does the brachial artery run posteriorly to?

A

The median nerve

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7
Q

Which digits does the radial artery supply?

A

The thumb and lateral index finger

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8
Q

What is Volkmann’s contracture?

A

A result of occlusion of the brachial artery.

Resulting ischaemia causes flexors to be short and fibrotic, leading to uncontrolled flexion of the hand

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9
Q

Name of the cords of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral, posterior and medial cords

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10
Q

Names of the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

Superior, middle and inferior trunks

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11
Q

What are the different parts of the brachial plexus called?

A

Roots, trunks, divisions, cords, terminal branches

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12
Q

Roots of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5 and C6

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13
Q

Roots of the median nerve?

A

C6, C7, C8, T1

All but C5

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14
Q

Roots of the ulnar nerve?

A

C8, T1, often C7

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15
Q

Roots of the axillary nerve?

A

C5 and C6

16
Q

Roots of the radial nerve?

A

C5-T1

17
Q

Musculocutaneous motor functions?

A

Muscles of anterior compartment of arm (biceps brachii, coracobrachialis and brachialis)

18
Q

Sensory innervation of musculocutaneous?

A

Skin of lateral forearm

19
Q

Motor function of median nerve?

A

Muscles of anterior forearm compartment

5 intrinsic muscles in thenar half of palm

20
Q

Motor function of ulnar nerve?

A 
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus
Hypothenar muscles
Medial two lumbricals
Adductor pollicis
Interossei of the hand
21
Q

Sensory function of median nerve?

A

Lateral three and a half fingers on the palmar surface of the hand and lateral half of the palm

22
Q

Sensory function of ulnar nerve?

A

Skin of medial half of the palm

Skin of medial one and a half fingers (baby and ring) (both sides)

23
Q

Motor function of radial nerve?

A

Triceps brachii

Majority of extensor muscles in forearm

24
Q

Sensory functions of radial nerve

A

Most of the skin on the posterior forearm
Dorsal surface of the lateral side of the palm
Lateral three and a half digits

25
Q

Sensory function of the axillary nerve?

A

Regimental badge area

26
Q

Motor functions of the axillary nerve?

A

Teres minor and deltoid muscle - both abductors of the arm at the shoulder

27
Q

What is the apex of the axilla formed by?

A

Lateral border of the first rib
Superior border of the scapula
Posterior border of the clavicle

28
Q

What is the lateral wall of the axilla formed by?

A

Intertubercular groove of the humerus

Tendon of long head of biceps brachii

29
Q

What is the medial wall formed by?

A

Serratus anterior and the thoracic wall

30
Q

Anterior wall?

A

Pec major and minor

Subclavius muscles

31
Q

Posterior wall?

A

Subscapularis
Teres major
Latissiumus dorsi

32
Q

Give the contents of the axilla

A

Axillary artery and vein
Biceps brachii and coracobrachialis
Axillary lymph nodes

33
Q

What is the pathology of thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

The vessels and nerves may become compressed at the apex of the axilla - there is a narrow gap between the clavicle, first rib and scapula.

34
Q

What are causes of thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Trauma eg fractured clavicle

Repetitive actions

35
Q

What does thoracic outlet syndrome present with?

A

Pain
Parasthesia
Muscle weakness
Discolouration

MSK (29 decks)

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