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MSK > Skeletal Muscle > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscle Flashcards

0
Q

Give the order (largest to smallest) of the components of skeletal muscle

A

Epimysium ➡️ perimysium ➡️ fascicles ➡ endomysium ➡️ fibres

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1
Q

What is skeletal muscle needed for?

A

Movement
Posture
Stability of joints
Heat generation

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2
Q

What kind of muscle is it if it has parallel fibres, often with an aponeurosis?

A

Flat

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3
Q

A muscle has a feather-like arrangement - name?

A

Pennate

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4
Q

A muscle is spindle shaped with a round, thick belly and tapered ends
Give an example

A

Fusiform

Biceps

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5
Q

A muscle arises from a board area and converges to a single tendon

A

Convergent

Pec major

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6
Q

A muscle has four equal sides

A

Quadrate

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7
Q

A muscle that surrounds a body opening/orifice, constricts when it contracts

A

Circular/sphincteral

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8
Q

More than one head of attachment or more than one contractile belly

A

Multihead or multibellied

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9
Q

Name the four muscle groups

A

Agonists/prime movers
Fixatives
Synergists
Antagonists

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10
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

If an artery bleeds, can compress the nerve within the compartment and cause pain and parasthesia.

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11
Q

Give characteristics of slow twitch

A 
Darker and red appearance
Many mitochondria
Aerobic respiration
High myoglobin
Rich capillary supply
Fatigue resistance and endurance
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12
Q

Give characteristics of fast twitch type IIa (fast oxidative)

A 
Aerobic
High myoglobin
Red-pink colour
Many mitochondria
Rich capillary supply
Moderate fatigue resistance
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13
Q

What is type IIa good for?

A

Walking/sprinting

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14
Q

What is type IIb good for?

A

Short, intense movements

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15
Q

What are characteristics of IIb?

A 
Anaerobic glycolysis
Low myoglobin
Pale appearance
Few mitochondria
Poorer capillary supply
Rapidly fatigable
16
Q

What does tonic contraction allow?

A

Stability of joints and maintenance of posture

17
Q

What type of muscle contraction lengthens the muscle to exert a force. Can cause delayed onset of muscle soreness?

A

Eccentric

18
Q

What is hypotonia?

A

Low muscle tone

19
Q

What can cause hypotonia?

A 
Damage to motor cortex
Damage to cerebellum
Shock/damage to spinal cord
Lesion of sensory afferents from muscle spindles
Primary degeneration of muscles 
Legion of lower motor neurones
20
Q

What can be used to diagnose MND by picking up electrical activity in muscle?

A

Electromyography

21
Q

Name some sources of energy for contraction and when they would be used

A

Short term stores of ATP (first few seconds)

Creatine phosphate + ADP ➡️ ATP + creatine (up to 15 secs)

Anaerobic glycolysis and lactate (20-40 secs)

Aerobic respiration/oxidative phosphorylation (long time)

22
Q

What is peripheral fatigue in muscles?

A

Depletion of muscle glycogen

Occurs within 1 minute if blood flow is interrupted

23
Q

What is contracture?

A

State if continuous contraction which occurs when ATP runs out as the myosin head cannot be removed from actin - rigor mortis

24
Q

Name the two types if phasic (active) contraction

A

Isotonic and isometric

25
Q

What is isotonic contraction?

A

The muscle changes length in relation to the production of movement

26
Q

What is isomeric contraction?

A

Muscle length remains the same, but the force is is increased above tonic levels to resist gravity or other antagonistic force. Important in maintaining upright posture

27
Q

What actions might use concentric contraction?

A

Lift a cup
Push a door
Punching

28
Q

When is eccentric contraction used?

A

Walking
Running
Setting objects down
Sitting down

29
Q

What is the main muscle of a particular movement called?

A

The prime mover

30
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

A motor neuron and the muscle fibres it controls - makes up a functional unit

MSK (29 decks)

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