The Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Innate immunity

A

– Immediate (within minutes) and non-specific

– Complement, Neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages

– Useless against infected cells (virus), malignant cells, allogenic cells

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2
Q

Acquired (Adaptive) immunity

A

– Delayed (days to weeks) and
specific
–  directed by T and B lymphocytes

 Features

•  Specificity, diversity, memory, self-regulation, self tolerance
– Can be cell mediated (t cells) or Humoral (B cells)

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3
Q

Classes of Cytokines

A

– Interlukins (IL), Interferions (INF), Tumor necrosis Factors (TNF)

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4
Q

Primary lymphatic tissue

A

– Site of lymphatic cell maturation

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5
Q

Secondary lymphatic tissue

A

– Organs and lymph nodes

– Site of Ag presentation site of Ab production

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6
Q

T cells Lymphocyte maturation

A

– Mature in the thymus (taught host tolerance)

– As they proceed through clonal selection, they are tested against host cells

– If they respond aggressively they are destroyed

– Mature helper T cells move to secondary lymphatic tissue and wait to be stimulated.

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7
Q

B cells Lymphocyte maturation

A

– Mature in bone marrow

– Hang out in secondary lymphatic tissue

– Wait to be stimulated by antigen

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8
Q

Sequence of immune response to microorganisms.

A
Infection	
↓
Innate response 
↓	
APC on MHC	
↓
Helper T cells	
↓
Cytokine release
↓	
Complement & B-cell Ab 
↓	
Phagocytosis
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9
Q

Sequence of immune response to infected cells

A
Virus infects cell	
↓
Cell changes surface markers
↓	
T cells read markers	
↓
LYSIS
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10
Q

Sequence of immune response to Allogenic Cells

A
Foreign cell enters body	
↓
T cells read markers	
↓
LYSIS
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11
Q

Sequence of immune response to Malignant Cells

A
Cell becomes	malignant	
↓
Foreign protein is produced	
↓
Granulocytes respond to proteins and produce TNF	
↓
Broad Immune response
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12
Q

Sequence of immune response to Foreign Surface

A

Granulocytes stimulated by foreign surface

Cytokines released

Marginated granulocytes become stimulated

WBIR

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13
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity reaction

A

•  Immediate allergic reaction on the second exposure

•  IgE mediated histamine release
– Bronchiole constriction, capillary leakage, hypotension, myocardial ischemia, increased secretions, hemorrhage, laryngeal edema
•  Susceptible patients (food allergies)
– Shellfish, peanuts, eggs, milk, beans, bug/reptile venom, drug allergies, others

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14
Q

Hyperacute Graft Rejection

A

– Organ has a surface antigen to which the recipient has an antibody at the time of transplant.

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15
Q

Acute rejection

A

– Organ has a surface antigen to which the recipient recognizes as foreign and creates and antibody against– Rejection is in weeks
– Immunosuppression is used to prevent these reactions

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16
Q

Chronic rejection

A

– T cell mediated

– Rejection occurs over months

17
Q

When a donor organ is being destroyed by the host, the symptoms presenting in the host are referred to as what?

Skin rash, liver failure, weight loss, and even death can ensue

A

Graft Versus Host Disease