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CVPR 330 Blood > Blood Lecture 1 / Ch 1 The concept of blood > Flashcards

Blood Lecture 1 / Ch 1 The concept of blood Flashcards

1
Q

Wha are the 3 Functions of Blood ?

A 
- Transportation: Delivery of  
  Oxygen, Hormones,   
  Nutrients, and Minerals.
  Removal of waste products
- Hemostasis
- Primary carrier of immunity
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2
Q

The average adults Total Blood Volume?

A

4-6 L which accounts for 7% of TBW.

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3
Q

Blood is composed of ?

A

– Plasma = 55%

– Formed Elements = 45%

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4
Q

Plasma is clear straw colored, viscous, and composed of

A
  • 90% water

* 10% solids

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5
Q

Formed Elements found in blood account for 45% of the composition of blood, what are they?

A
  • RBC (Erythrocytes)
  • WBC (Leukocytes)
  • Platelets (Thrombocytes)
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6
Q

Organelles within the cell?

A
  • Nucleus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi Complex
  • Ribosomes
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7
Q

Formed elements of the blood are cells with a very specific function. What are the elements that do NOT contain a nucleus?

A

• RBC and Platelets

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8
Q

Formed elements of the blood are cells with a very specific function. What are the elements that DO contain a nucleus?

A

• WBC

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9
Q

WBC depends upon ___ ___ to performits specialized function

A

protein synthesis

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10
Q

Blood Cell Production in the 3rd WEEK begins in ?

A

Yolk sac

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11
Q

Blood Cell Production in the 3rd MONTH begins in ?

A

Liver
Spleen
Thymus

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12
Q

Blood Cell Production in the 4th MONTH begins in ?

A

Bone Marrow

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13
Q

The production of mature blood cells from primitive cells in the bone marrow called?

A

Stem Cells

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14
Q

Hormonally controlledHematopoietic Growth Factors are also know as ?

A

cytokines

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15
Q

How many cells are produced daily?

A

1 Trillion

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16
Q

During Regulation of Hematopoiesis, Multipotent stem cells are influenced by cytokines and growth factors to differentiate into ?

A

Unipotential cells which ultimately becomemature blood cells

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17
Q

During Regulation of Hematopoiesis, Hormonal influence is exerted by?

A

– Cytokines (IL-#)
– Growth Factors (Il-#, CSF, EPO, Thrombopoietins)
– Vitamins, metals amino acids

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18
Q

Erythrocytes

A
  • Released from bone marrow fully mature
  • Cary Oxygen and CO2
  • No Nucleus - No Cell division
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19
Q

A nucleated RBC would indicate what ?

A

extramedullary hematopoiesis

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20
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Production of red blood cells by bone marrow

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21
Q

Decreased blood oxygen concentration detected by the kidneys would release what ?

A

Erythropoietin (EPO) is released from the kidney’s peritubular cells > Stimulates stem cells in the bone marrow to produce red cells

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22
Q

RBC Shape

A

Biconcave Disk– 7μ x 2μ
• Shape provides maximum surface area for maximum gas transfer.
• Flexible
• Traverse capillaries in Rouleaux Formation (single file)

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23
Q

RBC Life Span

A

120 days once the mature cell is releasedinto circulation

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24
Q

Reticulocytes

A

(immature RBC) found incirculation after blood loss

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25
Q

RBCs rupture when they die– Pieces are removed by macrophages in

A

the liver and spleen

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26
Q

RBC particles are called

A

“ghosts” or “cellstroma”

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27
Q

RBC quantity

A

4-6 Million RBC / μL

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28
Q

Pathologic states effecting RBC #

A

– Erythrocytosis– Anemia

29
Q

Erythrocytosis AKA

A

Polycythemia (Too many RBC)

30
Q

Polycythemia Vera (PV) AKA:

A

erythema
Hgb > 18g/dL
RBC > 6.2X10^12/L
Hct > 55%

31
Q

Myeloproliferative disease

A

– Hct > 55%- This stem cell disorder, can lead to sludging in peripheral circulation leading to block in the microvasculature of the lungs and kidneys.
- Treatment = therapeutic donations

32
Q

Anemia

A

Hct < 39 MHct < 33 Fnot a blood disease but anindication of a disease process.

33
Q

4 Causes of Anemia ?

A
  • iron deficiency- vitamin deficiancy- hemolysis- autoimmune disease
34
Q

How many molecules of Hgb are in each RBC?

A

300 MIllion

35
Q

What is the only true cellular component of blood?Why ?

A
  • WBC- they contain a nucleus
36
Q

Hematopoiesis definition ?

A

production of mature blood cells from primitive cells in the bone marrow called Stem Cells.

37
Q

The development of blood cells is under control of protein hormones called what ?

A

Hematopoietic growth factors

38
Q

The development of stem cells in hematopoietic bone marrow is called what?

A

Intramedullary hematopoiesis

39
Q

Through a process known a differentiation, stem cells develop into what?

A

Mature blood cells

40
Q

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have two functions, what are they ?

A
  1. ) Produce more stems cells

2. ) Generate mature blood cells

41
Q

Name the precursor to all blood cells?

A

Pluripotential Stem Cell

42
Q

Pluripotential Stem Cells give rise to what two lines of cells?

A
  1. ) Myeloid

2. ) Lymphoid

43
Q

Myeloid line differentiate into what other cells ?

A
  • RBC
  • Platelets
  • WBC: Granulocytes & monocytes/ macrophages
44
Q

Lymphoid line differentiate into what other cells ?

A
  • T Lymphocytes

- B Lymphocytes

45
Q

List the 3 steps of stem cell differentiation.

A
  • Pluripotential
  • Multipotential
  • Unipotential
46
Q

Hematopoiesis involves the differentiation of multipotential stem cells into ?

A

unipotential stem cells

47
Q

Unipotential stem cells are committed into developing into a specific blood cell type and have lost what ?

A

Ability to self-Renew

48
Q

Inflammatory response cytokines respond to Inflammation, tissue injury, and foreign matter. Name 3?

A
  • Interlukins
  • Interferons
  • tumor necrosis factors
49
Q

Interlukins (ILs) function ?

A

Affect and enhance the functions of mature blood cells.

50
Q

Interferons (INFs) function ?

A

Essential in the immune response to viral antigens and also for white cell function.

51
Q

tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) function ?

A

Help protect the body against malignant cells

52
Q

G-CSF

A

Garnulocyte - Colony - Stimulating Factor

53
Q

GM - CSF

A

Garnulocyte - macrophage - Colony - Stimulating Factor

54
Q

There are 13 intelukin molecues, which ILs cause stem cells to produce precursers to RBC, granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, & platelets?

A

IL-1 & IL-6

55
Q

Used to describe all molecules responsible for the development of platelets from megakaryocytes. Give 3 examples ?

A

Thrombopoietins

  1. ) IL-3
  2. ) IL-6
  3. ) GM-CSF
56
Q

During fetal life, where is erythropoietin produced?

A

Liver Continues to produce about 10% of this hormone after birth.

57
Q

Other molecules necessary for blood cell development?

A

Vitamins: B12, folic acid
Metals: Iron, Cobalt,& Manganese
Hormones: Thyroxin Amino acids

58
Q

Yellow marrow

A
  • 96% fat - Not involved in hematopoiesis
59
Q

Unlike yellow matter, Hematopoietic matter contains stem cells in its _____.

A

stroma, a spongy fibrous material. 25% solid material 75 % water

60
Q

hematopoiesis that takes place in tissues other than bone marrow.

A

Extramedullary hematopoiesis, normal in the Embryo, and abnormal in the adult. If present in adult it is a sign of bone marrow malfunction. - Yolk sac- liver - spleen - thymus

61
Q

Organ responsible for T lymphocyte development?

62
Q

At Birth = All bones produse bloodAdult = Only flat bones produce blood; what are they?

A

skull, sternum, ribs, pelvis, vertebrae

63
Q

In the elderly hematopoietic marrow of the cranium becomes jelly like forming what is called ?

A
  • gelatinous marrow &- no longer plays a role in hematopoiesis.
64
Q

Mature blood cells predominate in the circulation of healthy individuals. What can we expect to find in individuals with advanced diseases?

A

Immature and abnormal blood cells in greater quantities than mature blood cells.

65
Q

Granulocytes are characterized by what ?

A

granules within their cytoplasm

66
Q

Monocytes give rise to what ?

A

Macrophages

67
Q

Leukocytes include the following:

A

Granulocytes:-Neutrophil-Eosinophil -Basophil Monocytes and Macrophages Lymphocytes

68
Q

Solids in the blood are composed of what?

A
  • Clotting Proteins
  • Complement Proteins
  • Albumin
  • Immunoglobulins
  • Carbohydrates: Glucose
  • Electrolytes: Na+, K+, ect.

CVPR 330 Blood (25 decks)

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