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CVPR 330 Blood > Donor Collection > Flashcards

Donor Collection Flashcards

1
Q

Once ports have been opened on a unit of blood, it must be used within?

A

4 hrs

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2
Q

system at 1 - 6 degree celcius has a shelf life of ?

A

24 hrs

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3
Q

6 anticoagulant additive solutions?

A
  • Sodium Citrate
  • Citric Acid
  • Dextrose
  • Adenine
  • Mannitol
  • Monobasic sodium phosphate
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4
Q

Preservative solutions are based on what?

A

FDA requirement that 70% of red cells (RBC) must survive 24 hours post transfusion.

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5
Q

Additive solutions must ensure what?

A

75% of RBCs survive 24 hrs post transfusion

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6
Q

Red Cell Products with Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD or CP2D) Shelf Life ?

A

21 Days @ 1-6 °C

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7
Q

Red Cell Products with Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine (CPDA-1 ) shelf life?

A

35 days @ 1 - 6 °C

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8
Q

Red Cell Products with

Additive systems: AS-1, AS-3, AS-5 shelf life ?

A

42 days @ 1 - 6 °C

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9
Q

pH blood storage lesion?

A
  • Increase in [H+] as the RBC metabolize glucose

- pH drops over time

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10
Q

2,3 DPG blood storage lesion?

A
  • ↓ in 2,3 DPG as pH decreases

- Release of O2 to tissues will decrease

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11
Q

Within 3-8 hours after transfusion previously stored RBC will regenerate what?

A

50% of normal 2,3 DPG levels

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12
Q

Does K+ decrease or increase in the unit as the red cells lyse over time?

A

Increase

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13
Q

Na/K+ blood storage lesion ?

A

Na/K pump will not function in the cold temperatures so K will not be pumped into the RBC

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14
Q

ATP storage lesion ?

A

Gradually decreases as RBC use for glycolysis

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15
Q 
Donor Unit (BAG A) is centrifuged at a low speed (soft spin) 
Produces what?
A

packed cells and platelet rich plasma (PRP)

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16
Q

PRP is expressed into the first satellite bag

A

Bag B

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17
Q

The platelets are placed on a rotator or rocker bed to become ‘unpacked’
Platelets are stored at ?

A
  • (25C) and under constant agitation

- These are good for 5 days

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18
Q

The platelet poor plasma (PPP) is placed in the freezer and is FRESH FROZEN PLASMA.

A
  • Good for 1 year at (-18C)

- Once thawed for transfusion, stored at 1-6C and good for 5 days.

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19
Q

Bag C

A
  • Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)

- Stored at -18C

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20
Q

Making CRYOPRECIPITATE

A

-Thaw FFP at 4C for
24 hours
-Hardspin of slushy product

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21
Q

Cryo AHF is stored at ?

A

(-18C) for 1 year

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22
Q

Leave the cryoprecipitate button in the original FFP bag and add what ?

A

10 mL of plasma

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23
Q

Plasma (Frozen)

outdate and storage temp?

A

1 year @ -18°C

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24
Q

Plasma (Thawed) outdate and storage temps?

A

5 days @ 1 - 6 °C

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25
Q

Platelets outdate and storage temps?

A

5 days @ 25 °C

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26
Q

Cryoprecipitate (Thawed) outdate and storage temps?

A

6 hours @ 25 °C

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27
Q

Cryoprecipitate (Frozen)

outdate and storage temps ?

A

1 year @ (-18 °C)

28
Q

PRBC will be good for

A

4 hours unrefrigerated or 24 hours in proper refrigeration

29
Q

Units of platelets or cryoprecipitate that have been pooled to achieve an adult dose will be good for

A

4 hours only.

30
Q

HBsAG Test detects

A

the outer envelope of the virus; Detects infection; Test becomes negative a few months after illness; May become chronic carrier

31
Q

Anti-HBc detects

A

antibody to virus; permanent deferral despite no active illness; Not made in response to HepB vaccination

32
Q

Anti-HCV detects

A
  • Detects antibody (ab) to virus
  • Inflammation of the liver
  • 80% develop chronic infection
  • 20% develop cirrhosis and other liver diseases
  • Asymptomatic individuals may be carriers
33
Q

Anti- HIV 1 AND 2detects

A
  • Test for ab to virus
  • HIV-1 is more common in US
  • HIV-2 more common in
    Western Africa
  • Both viruses cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
34
Q

Anti-HTLV I AND IIdetects

A
  • Test for ab to viruses
  • Uncommon in US
  • HTLV-I common in Japan
    and Caribbean
  • HTLV-II infections usually associated with I.V. drug users
  • Causes leukemia or lymphoma and neurological disease
35
Q

SYPHILLISdetects

A 
- spirochete that causes 
  syphilis
- Testing began after WWII 
  when risk of infection much 
  higher
- Spirochete is fragile and unlikely to survive the 1-6C temp of blood storage
36
Q

West Nile Virus

A
  • Incubation from 2-14 days
  • 80% of those infected not
    symtomatic
  • 20%: fever, headache, GI
    complaints
  • Donor questionaire about
    fever and headache
  • NAT testing (nucleic acid
    amplification)
37
Q

Directly detects genetic material of viruses.
Reduces “window period” during which an infecting agent is undetectable by traditional tests
Used for WNV, HIV-1 and HCV
Reduced “window period”
for HCV from 70-80 days to 10-30 days
For HIV from 45 days to 10 days

A

NAT

38
Q

CMV detects

A
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Rarely transmitted by blood
    transfusion
  • According to CDC 50-85% of adults in US are infected by age 40
39
Q

Red cell and platelet products can be CMV-negative by test, or can be

A

CMV-safe by leukoreduction.

40
Q

Donor Questionaire to eliminate infections for which there is no screen

A
  • Babesiosis
  • Malaria
  • Chagas Disease
41
Q

Babesiosis

A
  • Most common in US
  • Bite from infected Deer tick
  • Fever 1-4 weeks after
  • hemolytic anemia
  • renal failure
  • Asymtomatic for months
    while infectious
  • Parasite survives in blood for
    35 days
42
Q

Malaria

A
  • Rare in US
  • Parasite survives for week at 4C
  • Donors can be asymptomatic and infectious
  • Exclude donor for 1 year if travel to endemic area
  • Exclude for 3 years if have had disease or lived in endemic area
43
Q

Chagas’ Disease

A
  • Protozoan parasite
  • Typanosoma cruzi carried by kissing bug
  • Often asymtomatic. Can get fever, enlarged liver/spleen.
  • Children get myocarditis.
  • Chronically infected get cardiac and GI symptoms
44
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)

A
  • Rare degenerative and fatal nervous system disorder
  • Currently no screening test
  • Blood transfusions do not
    transmit the disease
  • FDA prohibits potential donors who have received injections of human-derived pituitary hormone, family history, or those with transplanted dura mater
45
Q

SARS

A
  • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
  • Most cases identified in Asia
  • No evidence this infection is transmitted from blood donors to transfusion recipients
  • Deferral through questionaire
46
Q

Pretransfusion testing?

A
  • ABO typing
  • Rh Typing
  • Antibody Screens / Compatibility testing
47
Q

Type A has what antingen(s) and antibodies present in the RBC’s?

A

A antigen / Anti-B Antibodies

48
Q

Type B has what antingen(s) and antibodies present in the RBC’s?

A

B antigen / Anti-A Antibodies

49
Q

Type O has what antingen(s)and antibodies present in the RBC’s ?

A

Neither A nor B / BOTH Anti-A & Anti-B Antibodies

50
Q

Type AB has what antingen(s) present in the RBC’s?

A

A antigen & B antigen / NEITHER A or B Antibodies

51
Q

Rh positive individuals have the

A

D antigen on their RBC

52
Q

Rh negative individuals do not have

A

D antigen on their RBC

53
Q

Screening for unusual antibodies that may be present

A
  • Incubate pt serum with RBC
  • Look for hemolysis or agglutination
  • Add anti-IgG to look for those antibodies (ab) that do not cause DIRECT agglutination
54
Q

Positive (agglutination or hemolysis) indicates

A

an existing ab to red cell antigens which may cause transfusion reaction

55
Q

Lack of agglutination or hemolysis indicates what ?

A

No Antibodies

56
Q

When screening for unusual antibodies, what is a big concern?

A
  • weak antibodies may not be detected.
57
Q

Crossmatched

A
  1. ) Choose ABO and Rh compatible donor units
  2. ) Test pt serum against donor cells and look for agglutination or hemolysis
  3. ) incubate this test at 37C (like ab screen) and add anti-IgG to detect ab that do not agglutinate directly.
58
Q

During a crossmatch, agglutination or hemolysis indicates what ?

A

incompatible donor unit for that patient

59
Q

During a crossmatch, NO agglutination or hemolysis indicates what ?

A

compatible unit

60
Q

A positive antibody screen indicates the need for further testing to determine what?

A

the specificity of the patient’s antibody

61
Q

Once Antibody is identified…Test donor units for those that

A

LACK the antigen to the ab present in your patient

62
Q

Ease of finding antigen compatible units depends on what ?

A

The frequency of the antigen in the donor units

63
Q

Kell antigen frequency in the population ?

A

10%

64
Q

Lub Antigen frequency in the population ?

A

99.8 %

65
Q

c, E, Fy^a Antigen frequency in the population ?

A

80%, 30%, and 66% resp.

- About 5 units out of 100 will be compatible for an individual with this combination of antibodies

66
Q

Non-specific cold agglutinins can have life threatening consequences in the OR when the patient’s body temperature is

A

lowered

CVPR 330 Blood (25 decks)

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