Blood Lecture 2 Plasma Antibody Complement Immunity Ch10

Question 1

Primary function of plasma that Moves in and out of vascular system across the capillary membranes ?

Answer 1

Transportation of:
- cells, electrolytes, vitamins, carbohydrates,
proteins and lipids
– Remove waste

Question 2

Serum is

Answer 2

• Plasma minus Plasminogen
• Serum is the liquid portion of
  the blood after a clot has
  formed

Question 3

Plasma is

Answer 3

• the liquid portion of the blood
  mostly H2O.
• 4% of TBW

Question 4

7 Plasma proteins functions

Answer 4

– Maintain osmotic pressure  
   and therefore fluid volume.
– Transport molecules 
   (hormones, vitamins, drugs).
– Coagulation
– Enzymes for numerous 
   chemical reactions.
– Buffer system to maintain pH.
– Nutritional back up.
– Immunity

Question 5

The majority of plasma proteins are synthesized in the Liver.
Name the 3 classes of plasma proteins.

Answer 5

• Albumin 60%
• Globulins 40%
• Fibrinogen

Question 6

Albumins primary functions?

Answer 6

• Maintains osmotic pressure BETWEEN BLOOD AND body tissue.
• Major transport carrier of
  other molecules

Question 7

Albumin deficiency can promote what?

Answer 7

• Edema, due to fluid retention in the interstitial space.

Question 8

Name 3 Globulins ?

Answer 8

– Complement proteins
– Immunoglobulins (Ab)
– Antithrombin III (ATIII)

Question 9

Globulin is a generic term used to describe all proteins in the plasma except what?

Answer 9

• Albumin &

- Fibrinogen

Question 10

Globulins Functions ?

Answer 10

- Act as enzymes in many  
 metabolic processes.
- Responsible for humoral  
  immunity 
- Transportation of: 
- heme, hormones, & metals

Question 11

Four types of globulin proteins

Answer 11

Alpha 1
Alpha 2
Beta 1
Immunoglobulins

Question 12

Fibrinogen

Answer 12

• Inactive form of fibrin
• clotting protein that stabilizes
  the platelet plug
• Protein with highest affinity
  for extracorporeal surfaces.

Question 13

Hypofibrinogenemia

Answer 13

100 mg/dl

Question 14

Hypoproteinemia

Answer 14

Decreased plasma protein
concentration due to:
– Malnutrition
- malabsorption
- excretion
- hemodilution
-  (cirrhosis)

Question 15

Hyperproteinemia

Answer 15

Increased plasma protein
concentration due to:
- Dehydration 
- Multiple Myeloma (production 
  of paraproteins)
- Hyperviscosity = clotting in 
  microvasculature.

Question 16

treatment for Hyperproteinemia

Answer 16

• therapeutic plasmapherisis

* Suppress synthesis of paraproteins

Question 17

Non-Protein plasma solutes

Answer 17

• Electrolytes
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids

Question 18

What is the primary plasma carbohydrate ?

What is the normal level?

Answer 18

Glucose

72-137 mg/dl

Question 19

Cholesterol normal level ?

Answer 19

< 200 mg/dl

Question 20

Lipoprotein normal level?

Answer 20

< 50 mg.dl

Question 21

Complement System

Answer 21

* is part of the innate
  immune reaction
* 25-30 inactive soluble 
  proteins.
* Vasoactive molecules that take a part in the inflammatory response.

Question 22

Complement function

Answer 22

• Antigen destruction
• Inflammatory response to
  tissue injury; Increase
  vascular permeability
• Immune protection until
  antibody can reach full force
  7-14 days.
• Opsonization
• Lysis

Question 23

3 Complement Pathways

Answer 23

• Classical Pathway
• Alternative
• Lectin Pathway

Question 24

All complement pathways lead into a common pathway

which produces what ?

Answer 24

Membrane Attack

Complex (MAC)

Question 25

Classical pathway | Triggered by:

Answer 25

antigen opsonized by either | IgM or IgG

Question 26

Alternate pathway | Triggered by:

Answer 26

``` – Polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharides found on the outer membrane of microorganisms – Toxins produced by microorganisms – IgA and IgG – CPB ```

Question 27

The following indicate that the protein has been cleaved into its active components

Answer 27

“a” and “b”

Question 28

Anaphyoltoxin:

Answer 28

Active components that don’t end up stuck to a cell may have strong inflammatory influence. – C3a, C4a, C5a

Question 29

Membrane attack complex

Answer 29

``` - Group of 5 Complement proteins (C5, C6, C7, C8, C9) - Create a hole in the cell membrane leading to destruction of the cell ```

Question 30

Foreign surface of the ECC activates what?

Answer 30

Complement system

Question 31

Activated protein is…

Answer 31

– directed against the hosts cells (leading to phagocytosis and lysis) – (WBIR, SIRs)

Question 32

Antigen (Ag)

Answer 32

Any foreign matter that enters the body and… – Can bind antibody – Can bind to a T or B cell receptor

Question 33

most abundant solute in plasma ?

Answer 33

Protein 6.5 - 8 g/dl

Question 34

Vasoactive definition ?

Answer 34

Refers to the effect that molecues have on blood vessels, such as vascular permeability.

Question 35

Complement proteins can work independently of antibody to destroy antigen through opsonization and lysis, but they are most effective in destroying antigen when assisted by what?

Answer 35

Antibody