Blood Lecture 2 Plasma Antibody Complement Immunity Ch10 Flashcards
Primary function of plasma that Moves in and out of vascular system across the capillary membranes ?
Transportation of:
- cells, electrolytes, vitamins, carbohydrates,
proteins and lipids
– Remove waste
Serum is
- Plasma minus Plasminogen
- Serum is the liquid portion of
the blood after a clot has
formed
Plasma is
- the liquid portion of the blood
mostly H2O. - 4% of TBW
7 Plasma proteins functions
– Maintain osmotic pressure and therefore fluid volume. – Transport molecules (hormones, vitamins, drugs). – Coagulation – Enzymes for numerous chemical reactions. – Buffer system to maintain pH. – Nutritional back up. – Immunity
The majority of plasma proteins are synthesized in the Liver.
Name the 3 classes of plasma proteins.
- Albumin 60%
- Globulins 40%
- Fibrinogen
Albumins primary functions?
- Maintains osmotic pressure BETWEEN BLOOD AND body tissue.
- Major transport carrier of
other molecules
Albumin deficiency can promote what?
- Edema, due to fluid retention in the interstitial space.
Name 3 Globulins ?
– Complement proteins
– Immunoglobulins (Ab)
– Antithrombin III (ATIII)
Globulin is a generic term used to describe all proteins in the plasma except what?
- Albumin &
- Fibrinogen
Globulins Functions ?
- Act as enzymes in many metabolic processes. - Responsible for humoral immunity - Transportation of: - heme, hormones, & metals
Four types of globulin proteins
Alpha 1
Alpha 2
Beta 1
Immunoglobulins
Fibrinogen
- Inactive form of fibrin
- clotting protein that stabilizes
the platelet plug - Protein with highest affinity
for extracorporeal surfaces.
Hypofibrinogenemia
100 mg/dl
Hypoproteinemia
Decreased plasma protein concentration due to: – Malnutrition - malabsorption - excretion - hemodilution - (cirrhosis)
Hyperproteinemia
Increased plasma protein concentration due to: - Dehydration - Multiple Myeloma (production of paraproteins) - Hyperviscosity = clotting in microvasculature.
treatment for Hyperproteinemia
- therapeutic plasmapherisis
* Suppress synthesis of paraproteins
Non-Protein plasma solutes
- Electrolytes
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
What is the primary plasma carbohydrate ?
What is the normal level?
Glucose
72-137 mg/dl
Cholesterol normal level ?
< 200 mg/dl
Lipoprotein normal level?
< 50 mg.dl
Complement System
* is part of the innate immune reaction * 25-30 inactive soluble proteins. * Vasoactive molecules that take a part in the inflammatory response.
Complement function
- Antigen destruction
- Inflammatory response to
tissue injury; Increase
vascular permeability - Immune protection until
antibody can reach full force
7-14 days. - Opsonization
- Lysis
3 Complement Pathways
- Classical Pathway
- Alternative
- Lectin Pathway
All complement pathways lead into a common pathway
which produces what ?
Membrane Attack
Complex (MAC)
Classical pathway
Triggered by:
antigen opsonized by either
IgM or IgG
Alternate pathway
Triggered by:
– Polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharides found on the outer membrane of microorganisms – Toxins produced by microorganisms – IgA and IgG – CPB
The following indicate that the protein has been cleaved into its active components
“a” and “b”
Anaphyoltoxin:
Active components that
don’t end up stuck to a cell may have strong
inflammatory influence.
– C3a, C4a, C5a
Membrane attack complex
- Group of 5 Complement proteins (C5, C6, C7, C8, C9) - Create a hole in the cell membrane leading to destruction of the cell
Foreign surface of the ECC activates what?
Complement system
Activated protein is…
– directed against the hosts cells (leading to
phagocytosis and lysis)
– (WBIR, SIRs)
Antigen (Ag)
Any foreign matter that enters the body
and…
– Can bind antibody
– Can bind to a T or B cell receptor
most abundant solute in plasma ?
Protein 6.5 - 8 g/dl
Vasoactive definition ?
Refers to the effect that molecues have on blood vessels, such as vascular permeability.
Complement proteins can work independently of antibody to destroy antigen through opsonization and lysis, but they are most effective in destroying antigen when assisted by what?
Antibody
