Blood Lecture 2 Plasma Antibody Complement Immunity Ch10 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary function of plasma that Moves in and out of vascular system across the capillary membranes ?

A

Transportation of:
- cells, electrolytes, vitamins, carbohydrates,
proteins and lipids
– Remove waste

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2
Q

Serum is

A
  • Plasma minus Plasminogen
  • Serum is the liquid portion of
    the blood after a clot has
    formed
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3
Q

Plasma is

A
  • the liquid portion of the blood
    mostly H2O.
  • 4% of TBW
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4
Q

7 Plasma proteins functions

A
– Maintain osmotic pressure  
   and therefore fluid volume.
– Transport molecules 
   (hormones, vitamins, drugs).
– Coagulation
– Enzymes for numerous 
   chemical reactions.
– Buffer system to maintain pH.
– Nutritional back up.
– Immunity
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5
Q

The majority of plasma proteins are synthesized in the Liver.
Name the 3 classes of plasma proteins.

A
  • Albumin 60%
  • Globulins 40%
  • Fibrinogen
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6
Q

Albumins primary functions?

A
  • Maintains osmotic pressure BETWEEN BLOOD AND body tissue.
  • Major transport carrier of
    other molecules
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7
Q

Albumin deficiency can promote what?

A
  • Edema, due to fluid retention in the interstitial space.
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8
Q

Name 3 Globulins ?

A

– Complement proteins
– Immunoglobulins (Ab)
– Antithrombin III (ATIII)

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9
Q

Globulin is a generic term used to describe all proteins in the plasma except what?

A
  • Albumin &

- Fibrinogen

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10
Q

Globulins Functions ?

A
- Act as enzymes in many  
 metabolic processes.
- Responsible for humoral  
  immunity 
- Transportation of: 
- heme, hormones, & metals
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11
Q

Four types of globulin proteins

A

Alpha 1
Alpha 2
Beta 1
Immunoglobulins

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12
Q

Fibrinogen

A
  • Inactive form of fibrin
  • clotting protein that stabilizes
    the platelet plug
  • Protein with highest affinity
    for extracorporeal surfaces.
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13
Q

Hypofibrinogenemia

A

100 mg/dl

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14
Q

Hypoproteinemia

A
Decreased plasma protein
concentration due to:
– Malnutrition
- malabsorption
- excretion
- hemodilution
-  (cirrhosis)
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15
Q

Hyperproteinemia

A
Increased plasma protein
concentration due to:
- Dehydration 
- Multiple Myeloma (production 
  of paraproteins)
- Hyperviscosity = clotting in 
  microvasculature.
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16
Q

treatment for Hyperproteinemia

A
  • therapeutic plasmapherisis

* Suppress synthesis of paraproteins

17
Q

Non-Protein plasma solutes

A
  • Electrolytes
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
18
Q

What is the primary plasma carbohydrate ?

What is the normal level?

A

Glucose

72-137 mg/dl

19
Q

Cholesterol normal level ?

A

< 200 mg/dl

20
Q

Lipoprotein normal level?

A

< 50 mg.dl

21
Q

Complement System

A
* is part of the innate
  immune reaction
* 25-30 inactive soluble 
  proteins.
* Vasoactive molecules that take a part in the inflammatory response.
22
Q

Complement function

A
  • Antigen destruction
  • Inflammatory response to
    tissue injury; Increase
    vascular permeability
  • Immune protection until
    antibody can reach full force
    7-14 days.
  • Opsonization
  • Lysis
23
Q

3 Complement Pathways

A
  • Classical Pathway
  • Alternative
  • Lectin Pathway
24
Q

All complement pathways lead into a common pathway

which produces what ?

A

Membrane Attack

Complex (MAC)

25
Q

Classical pathway

Triggered by:

A

antigen opsonized by either

IgM or IgG

26
Q

Alternate pathway

Triggered by:

A
– Polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharides found
on the outer membrane of microorganisms
– Toxins produced by microorganisms
– IgA and IgG
– CPB
27
Q

The following indicate that the protein has been cleaved into its active components

A

“a” and “b”

28
Q

Anaphyoltoxin:

A

Active components that
don’t end up stuck to a cell may have strong
inflammatory influence.
– C3a, C4a, C5a

29
Q

Membrane attack complex

A
- Group of 5 Complement
proteins (C5, C6, C7, C8,
C9)
- Create a hole in the cell
membrane leading to
destruction of the cell
30
Q

Foreign surface of the ECC activates what?

A

Complement system

31
Q

Activated protein is…

A

– directed against the hosts cells (leading to
phagocytosis and lysis)
– (WBIR, SIRs)

32
Q

Antigen (Ag)

A

Any foreign matter that enters the body
and…
– Can bind antibody
– Can bind to a T or B cell receptor

33
Q

most abundant solute in plasma ?

A

Protein 6.5 - 8 g/dl

34
Q

Vasoactive definition ?

A

Refers to the effect that molecues have on blood vessels, such as vascular permeability.

35
Q

Complement proteins can work independently of antibody to destroy antigen through opsonization and lysis, but they are most effective in destroying antigen when assisted by what?

A

Antibody