Blood Lecture 1 / Ch 5 Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Question 1

2 gases found in the atmosphere?

Answer 1

Nitrogen =  78%
Oxygen = 21%

Question 2

Diffusion

Answer 2

Movement of atoms or molecules from a region of high partial pressure concentration to a region of low partial pressure concentration.

Question 3

Diffusion Gradient

Answer 3

Difference in partial pressures. between the two areas.

The greater the gradient, the greater the movement of gas.

Question 4

Hgb doe not release all of its oxygen to tissues, Hgb has the ability to save some of the oxygen. What is this called?

Answer 4

(Physiologic Process)

Should the tissues require an increase in oxygen such as during heavy exertion, Hgb can release the additional O2.

Question 5

Po2 of 40 mmHg should gives us what oxygen saturation?

Answer 5

75% saturation

Question 6

The actual affinity of O2 for Hgb can be determined by measuring the PO2 at which 50% of the Hgb is saturated. This is called what ?
What is the mmHg ?

Answer 6

P50 at 26 mmHg

Question 7

The affinity of O2 for Hgb is affected by what?

Answer 7

• pH (H+ concentration)
• PCO2
• Temperature
• 2,3-DPG

Question 8

↑ Oxygen affinity to Hgb (Less O2 released)
↑ pH (decreased H+ concentration)
↓ Temperature

Answer 8

Left Shift of the Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

Question 9

↓ Oxygen affinity to Hgb (More O2 released)
↓ pH (increase H+ concentration)

↑ Temperature
↑ PCO2
↑ 2,3 DPG

Answer 9

Right Shift of the Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

Question 10

Clinical conditions associated with a right shift of the curve include the following:

Answer 10

• Hyperthermia
• Acidemia
• Heart Disease
• Pulmonary disease
• Increased CO2

Question 11

Clinical conditions associated with a Left shift of the curve include the following:

Answer 11

• Hypothermia
• Abnormal types of Hgb
• Alaklosis
• Transfusions of bank blood

Question 12

External Respiration

Answer 12

• Diffusion of CO2 from the Pulmonary Capillary blood into the Alveoli
• Diffusion of O2 from the Alveoli into the Red Cell within the pulmonary capillaries.

Question 13

Internal Respiration

Answer 13

• Diffusion of CO2 from the tissues into the blood.

- Diffusion of O2 from the systemic capillaries into body tissues.

Question 14

The amount of O2 that tissues receives depends on 3 factors, what are they ?

Answer 14

1. ) Amount of blood flow to tissues
2. ) Hgb concentration in blood
3. ) Affinity of Hgb for O2

Question 15

CO2 is transported in 3 ways once it diffuses from tissue cells into plasma, what are they?

Answer 15

1. ) 5 % of CO2 dissolved in plasma
2. ) 30% of CO2 enters red cells where it binds to certain amino acids in the Hgb molecule.
3. ) 65% of CO2 is transported as bicarbonate ions via plasma to the lungs.

Question 16

Converstion of CO2 to HCO3 process.

Answer 16

CO2 into the RBC > + H2O > Carbonic Anhydraze = H2CO3 (Carbonic Acid) > H+ & HCO3 > HCO3 leaves the cell > Hgb picks up H+ and creates HHgb > Cl- diffuses into the cell.

Question 17

CO2 removal from the lungs process?

Answer 17

HCO3 enters the RBC > Binds to H+ > = H2CO3 > boken down into CO2 & H2O in the presence of Carbonic Anhydraze. CO2 is diffused into the lungs and exhaled. H2O remain in the cell and Cl- diffuses out of the cell.