Blood Lecture 2 / Immunoglobulins and humoral immunity / ch7

Question 1

Antigen (Ag) definition ?

Answer 1

Any foreign matter that enters the body and and meets either or both of the following criteria: 1.)  Can bind antibody 2.) Can bind to a T or B cell receptor

Question 2

Antigenic cells that are destined to be destroyed by the immune system are called what ?

Answer 2

Target cells

Question 3

Technically an _____ is a molecule or a portion there of, of Protein, carbohydrate or lipid found on surface of microorganism, infected cell, tumor cell and allogenic cell

Answer 3

antigen

Question 4

Any surface that can generate an immune response?

Answer 4

Immunogen

Question 5

Protein molecules produced by B cells / Plasma cells and are always present in small amounts in blood and body tissue.

Answer 5

Antibody (Ab)

Question 6

Antibody (Ab) AKA

Answer 6

immunoglobulin

Question 7

Antibody production in response to antigen is known as what?

Answer 7

Humoral Immunity

Question 8

Antibody (Ab) has 2 major functions, what are they?

Answer 8

1.) To Opsonize (coat) antigen 2.) To activate the complement cascade.

Question 9

Primary exposure called sensitization or immunization takes 14 days to reach full power. The time from antigen recognition to antibody production is called what ?

Answer 9

lag period

Question 10

Antibody destroys antigen in many different ways, the following mechanisms are involved:

Answer 10

• Oposonize ( coat surface) - Mark the Antigen for recognition and destruction by 1.) Complement cascade (MAC Complex) 2.) Granulocytes and Natural Killer cells (phagocytosis) 3.) Neutralization; A coat of Antibody may make the Antigen harmless

Question 11

Synthesis of Antibodies process?

Answer 11

B cell recognize Antigen > B cell makes differentiate into plasma cells > Each plasma cell makes lots of Antibodies and releases them into circulation

Question 12

During the primary exposure to a specific Antigen the Antibody production takes about 14 days and its concentration is low. What happens after this?

Answer 12

•  Memory cells produced for future exposure

Question 13

Re-exposure to same antigen produces antibody causes Memory cells from primary exposure respond very quickly. Antibodies are produced:

Answer 13

– In larger quantities – In response to lower concentrations of Antigen – With a higher affinity to Antigen

Question 14

Antibody Types

Answer 14

•  IgG and IgM are the primary classes produced

Question 15

IgG Class Antibody

Answer 15

•   Most potent
•   Makes up 80% of antibody in circulation
•   Produced in greater quantities than any other Antibody.
•   Diffuses into tissue and across the PLACENTA.

– Maternal RhAb can attack fetal Rh+ fetal RBC causing hemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 16

Maternal Rh-Ab (anti-D) can attack

Answer 16

fetal Rh+ fetal RBC causing hemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 17

IgM Class Antibody

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Answer 17

•   First Antibody to be produced during primary exposure
•   10-15% strong
•   LARGE; 5 linked Ab molecules

– Can not diffuse out of circulation

•  Effective at gathering Ag into clumps (agglutination)

Question 18

Whats used to type blood (A, B) bound by Anti-A and Anti-B which are IgM Antibodies?

Answer 18

Antigen on RBC

Question 19

IgD Class

Answer 19

•  Found in small amounts •  Has limited immunologic effect against Ag •  May assist the b cell in reacting to helper T cells

Question 20

IgA Class

Answer 20

•   Primary Ab in body fluids and secreted by mucus membranes – Tears, breast milk, saliva, others
•   Binds to Anigen &  immobilizes it for removal in mucus

– Marks it for destruction by granulocytes

Question 21

IgE Class

Answer 21

•  Very low concentration in circulation •  Primarily responsible for defense against parasites •  Involved in allergic reactions – Asthma, hay fever, others – Anaphylaxis •  Stimulates Basophils into releasing histamine. – Edema, sinus inflammation, itching, bronchiole constriction

Question 22

•  The specific region of the Ag molecule recognized by Ab or lymphocyte receptor •  One half of a pair of interlocking puzzle pieces

Answer 22

Epitope

Question 23

•  The immune system can produce Ab against any Ag in the universe those that exist and those that do not yet exist. •  T cells recognize self •  How’s that work?

Answer 23

Clonal Selection

Question 24

Antibody from the same class have same

Answer 24

amino acid arrangement in certain areas