Blood Test 2 / Daily Ch 11

Question 1

4 Processes that prevent blood loss ?

Answer 1

1. ) Vascular Spasm
2. ) Platelet plug formation
3. ) Coagulation protein activation that leads to clot formation.
4. ) Lysis of clot

Question 2

Vasospasm AKA

Answer 2

Vasoconstriction

Question 3

Endothelial cells of blood vessel walls release specific molecules as a result of vascular injury to assist with platelet aggregation, name 4 ?

Answer 3

1. ) Serotonin
2. ) Adenosine di-phosphate
3. ) von Willebrand Factor
4. ) Fibronectin

Question 4

Capillaries can usually arrest blood loss with what only?

Answer 4

Platelet plug AKA white thrombus

Question 5

When vascular damage occurs, the ondothelial lining plays a crucial role in hemostasis. Vessel walls release molecules that attach themselves to activated platelets, assist in fibrin clot formation, and are involved with clot dissolution. Endothelial cells produce other chemicals what are they ?

Answer 5

• AT-III = Anticoagulant
• Thrombomodulin = Anticoagulant
• Vasodilators
• Prostaglandin PGI2 = Clot Inhibitor
• tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) = Fibrinolytic

Question 6

Name the 5 steps involved in Platelet Plug Formation ?

Answer 6

1. ) Contact between platelets and damaged endothelium.
2. ) Adhesion
3. ) Spreading of platelets along the damaged surface
4. ) ADP release
5. ) Aggregation

Question 7

Molecule that binds to certain clotting factors which leads to fibrin clot formation over the platelet plug.

Answer 7

Platelet Factor 3 (PF-3)

Question 8

Once the fibrin clot has formed, what helps to repair the damaged endothelium ?

Answer 8

• Fibroblasts (Connective tissue cells)

* Endothelial cells

Question 9

Molecule released by platelet granules that stimulates smooth muscle cells in the vessel wall to advance vessel healing ?

Answer 9

Platelet-derived growth factor

Question 10

Prostaglandins are molecules that regulate the amount of ADP released by platelets. These molecules work antagonistically to increase or decrease ADP release. What are the 2 most important prostaglandins ?

Answer 10

• Thromboxane A2 (TXA2)

* Prostacyclin (PGI2)

Question 11

What prostaglandin increases the release of ADP ?

Answer 11

TXA2

Question 12

What prostaglandin decreases the release of ADP ?

Answer 12

PGI2

Question 13

When blood comes into contact with a foreign surface, platelets aggregate and attach to the surface. When platelets aggregate they release molecules such as what, to initiate clot formation ?

Answer 13

ADP
PF-3
vWF

Question 14

What are the 3 types of thrombocytosis AKA thrombocytopenia that cause an increase in platelet count?

Answer 14

Transitory
Reactive
Primary